1. Margaret Deery, Leo Jago & Liz Fredline
A Framework for the Development of Social and Socio-Economic Indicators for Sustainable Tourism in Communities
Margaret Deery, Leo Jago & Liz Fredline

2. Traditional Impact Focus
Economic
Ease of measurement
Need for governments to justify contribution
Environmental
Post Rio has become more important
Social
The forgotten dimension

3. Social Impacts of Tourism
The impacts of tourism must be monitored in order to protect community well-being, and to ensure the long term viability of the tourism product (Faulkner & Tideswell, 1997)
Tourism will fail unless its impact on the community is well managed from the community’s perspective

4. Social Impacts They can be ‘real’ or ‘perceived’
Real impacts are the ones that can be measured with objective data that verifies its existence.
E.g. the level of crime is an outcome that is quantifiable.
Perceived impacts are personal feelings
Perceived impacts are just as important

5. Key Issues (Ap and Crompton, 1998)
Positive Impacts
Negative Impacts
Improves quality of life
Increased prostitution
Increase availability of recreation facilities and opportunities
Increased alcoholism
Improves quality of fire and police protection
Heightened tension
Improves understanding and image of different communities or cultures
Increasingly hectic community and personal life
Facilitates meeting visitors (an educational experience)
Increased traffic congestion
Increased noise

6. Need for Social Indicators
To be included within Green Globe to assess community impact
Must be small in number
Must be easily identified/measured
Allow comparison over time and with other regions

7. Underpinning of Social Indicators
Event-related studies led by Fredline
Formula One Grand Prix
Moomba
Australia Open Tennis
Art-Is Festival
Events give a focus to the impact
Measured the change in quality of life for the individual and the community

8. Green Globe Case Study: Surf Coast Shire Project
Background:
Pilot study for Social Indicators of Tourism: Surf Coast Shire
Method:
Use of previous research on the area
1264 responses to 4000 questionnaires to locals
Meetings with key participants in local government

11. Surf Coast Shire Findings: “Tourism”
Association and Context
Residents’ Comments
Development
Associated with extra buildings in the area
Balance
Tourism and business growth
Environment
Balancing resident needs with tourism/visitor usage/access;
Character of town
Controlled tourism development
Management of tourism
Environmental protection - coexistence of tourism and environment;
Residents’ needs
Balance between development of tourism & preserving natural environment
Employment
Impact tourism on environment-beach, bush and character of coastal towns;

12. Surf Coast Shire Findings: “Tourist”
Association and Context
Residents’ Comments
Character of the community
Protect and conserve local community environment, rather than converting to tourist destinations
Balancing growth
Balancing tourist growth with the environment
Providing facilities
Providing facilities that tourist and local population need;Services-for residents and tourists; Ensure that Surf Coast residents needs are met before tourist needs; Attract more tourists - surfing, retail facilities, and beach facilities; Development of tourist attractions beyond the summer (beach ) season
Management of Tourists
Traffic management: i.e. tourist traffic, beach access car park, local road access;
Permanent and tourist population management

13. The Impacts and Indicators
Verify impacts with community
Develop and verify indicators
First with tourism personnel
Then with community
Test in other regions