1. Biological determinants

2. Biological determinants
To Recap..
Biological determinants
Body weight
Blood pressure
Blood cholesterol
Glucose regulation
Genetics
Birth weight

3. Body weight Can have a range of impacts on an individual.
Can be a risk factor for many other health conditions like Hypertension, high blood cholesterol and impaired glucose regulation.

4. Body weight Obesity is linked to: Cardiovascular disease
Some cancers (e.g. Colorectal cancer)
Respiratory problems
Arthritis
Self esteem issues
Social exclusion

5. Blood pressure

6. Blood pressure
Factors contributing to Hypertension (high blood pressure) are:
Stress
Smoking
Excessive alcohol consumption
Genetic predisposition
Poor diet (high sodium intake increases BP)

7. Cholesterol http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnK1Kv3XkZI
Cholesterol is found in animal products.
LDL cholesterol= Bad (Low –density lipoprotein)
HDL cholesterol= Good  (high density lipoprotein)
Too much LDL= build up in artery walls, causing atherosclerosis.

8. Cholesterol Risk factors for High blood cholesterol include:
Excessive alcohol intake
Smoking
Diet high in saturated fat and or Trans fat
Lack of exercise
Genetic predisposition

9. Impaired Glucose regulation
When carbohydrates are consumed, they are turned into glucose in the blood stream.
Insulin is released from the pancreas when glucose levels rise to allow the glucose to travel from the blood stream to cells to be used for energy.
If blood glucose levels are high, then insulin levels are high also.

10. Impaired glucose regulation
If this occurs over a long period of time, then the body can become resistant to the action of insulin.
Insulin resistance impairs glucose regulation which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

11. Impaired glucose regulation
Can occur as a result of:
Genetic predisposition
Stress
Pregnancy
Lack of exercise
Smoking
Being overweight
Diet high in triglycerides
Excessive alcohol consumption
Low LDL cholesterol
High blood pressure

12. Birth Weight
Is related to health outcomes directly after birth and later in life.
Babies may suffer from:
Underdeveloped immune system
Premature death and significant disabilities

13. Birth weight Adults may suffer from: High BP Type 2 diabetes CVD
CAUSES OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT:
Premature birth
Age of mother- young mothers (under 15 yrs), older mothers (over 45 yrs)
Mother’s nutritional status
Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and drug use during pregnancy
Illness of mother during pregnancy.

14. Class work/Homework Read Chapter 2.2 – 2.4
Make notes under each of the Biological Determinants.
Complete Test Your Knowledge Page 48 Questions- 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9
Use Your Ebook plus link and watch the links on Blood Pressure and Hypertension Video
Complete Test Your Knowledge Page 51 Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Use your Ebook plus link and watch the Glucose regulation weblink

15. Classwork/ Homework
Complete Test Your Knowledge Page 55 Questions 1, 2, 4, 5.