1. An Experiment on Memory
{ Tulving and Pearlstone (1996)

2. What is the experiment about?
This experiment investigates if memory relies on the accessibility of information

3. Ethical Considerations?
Protection: No harm will come to you
Privacy: No individuals outside of this class will know of your participation in the experiment
Consent: You (and your parents) have already signed a permission slip related to your agreed participation in this experiment.
Withdrawal: You have the right to withdraw at any point in the experiment and to have your results removed.
Confidentiality: We will not ask you to provide your name or any further personal details. Your individual results will not be shared or published.

4. Instructions You will be shown eight lists containing four words each
Each list represents a category which will be shown at the bottom of the slide
Each list will appear for 10 seconds before being removed
When the word “NOW!” appears, you will have 2 minutes to write down all of the words you remember in the appropriate spaces on the paper provided.
There will be 32 words in total, therefore your answer sheet will have space for only 32 words

5. Flute, Clarinet, Piano, Guitar
Sample Slide:
Flute, Clarinet, Piano, Guitar
Instruments
Four words to remember
Category
Title

6. Further Instructions If you do not know a word, take a guess
You do not need to memorize or write down the categories, only the four subject words within each category
You do not need to write the words down in any particular order or in any specific space
Please write only one word per space provided
Spelling is not a factor in this experiment as long as the response is legible and accuracy of a sepcific term listed can be determined
Please do this individually and silence and in accordance with the instructions

7. ANY QUESTIONS?

8. Let’s begin!

9. Pig, Bear, Dog, Fish
Animals

10. Pizza, Banana, Orange, Cake
Food

11. Tennis, Soccer, Badminton, Swimming
Sports

12. Chair, Table, Shelf, Cupboard
Furniture

13. Red, Green, Blue, Yellow
Colors

14. Shirt, Poncho, Pants, Socks
Clothing

15. Saw, Hammer, Wrench, Drill
Tools

16. Car, Bus, Train, Submarine
Vehicles

17. NOW!

18. THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING!

19. DEBRIEF
This test will help us investigate if visual cues are required in recall or if memory relies on the accessibility of information
Each category and the words were randomly selected and in a random order
Your group had either ‘cued’ or ‘non-cued’ response sheets (category names may or may not have been provided)
This means that our independent variable was the condition of recall (i.e. cued or non-cued)

20. Difference from the original study?
One independent variable rather than three
Condition of recall
Number of words in each list (12, 24, 48)
Number of words per category (1,2,4)
Also, in the original, words were communicated verbally whereas our replication used a visual tool (PowerPoint) to communicate the words.

21. Original Results Participants who were given cues recalled more words
“Forgetting occurs not because information in storage is destroyed, but because learned material becomes inaccessible in a large and growing association network.