1. Domain 4 Flashcards
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Establishment as a World Power

2. 115 Unrestricted submarine warfare
During WWI Germany used submarines to sink passenger and commercial ships belonging to the Allies, such as the Lusitania.
Endangered US trade and American lives.
Led to the US decision to enter WWI.
Unrestricted submarine warfare

3. 116
Zimmerman Telegram
Telegram asking Mexico to side with Germany in WWI.
The British intercepted the telegram and gave it to President Wilson.
Caused Americans to support going to war with Germany.

4. US involvement in World War I
117
When war broke out in Europe in 1914, the US was neutral, but later joined the Allies for these reasons:
Close cultural and economic ties to the Allies
Sinking of the Lusitania
Interception of the Zimmermann telegram
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare

5. 118
Espionage Act
Made it a crime to communicate information that would interfere with the WWI war effort.
Was basically used to silence critics of WWI.
Violated 1st Amendment

6. 119 Eugene Debs Socialist presidential candidate (three times).
Labor reform leader.
Sentenced to prison for 10 years for making a speech against WWI draft (served 3).

7. 120 18th Amendment Outlawed alcohol (prohibition).
Passed due to anti-German sentiment during WWI and Progressive reform efforts .

8. 121 19th Amendment Women’s right to vote
Passed as a result of the women’s reform movement and to thank women for their economic contributions during WWI.

9. Great Migration
122
Large-scale movement of southern blacks to the north during World War I to find jobs and escape the Jim Crow south.

10. Domestic impact of World War I
123
Industries convert to wartime production.
Citizens were expected to conserve, recycle, volunteer & buy war bonds.
Great Migration occurs.
Espionage Act of 1917
18th & 19th amendments
Isolationist feelings develop after the war.

11. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
124
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
President Wilson’s speech describing ways to avoid future wars.
The most important point called for creating the League of Nations.

12. 125 League of Nations International peace-keeping organization.
The purpose was to prevent war through diplomacy.
The US never joined because of isolationist feelings in the US after WWI.

13. 126 Red Scare Fear of communism after the Russian Revolution.
Americans were scared that the Communists/Socialists movements would spread to the US.
Caused increased prejudice against immigrants (nativism) and increased restrictions on immigration (Quota System).

14. 127
Henry Ford
Used the assembly line to mass produce the automobile and make it afFORDable.
Used modern advertising and offered credit to his customers. This led to consumerism in the 1920s.

15. Jazz Age
128
Jazz - popular form of music in the 1920s that originated in New Orleans among African-Americans and traveled up the Mississippi River to northern cities.
Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington were famous jazz musicians.

16. 129 Harlem Renaissance Harlem – black community in NY
During the 1920s the Harlem Renaissance was a celebration of African-American culture through art, music, & literature.

17. 130. Modern Culture of 1920s
Jazz, flapper fashion, radio, and movies were examples of cultural expression during the 1920s.
These were unifying forces on national culture.
Many conservatives worried that radio and movies would be immoral influences.

18. Stock Market Crash of 1929
131
Causes of the stock market crash that led to the Great Depression:
Easy credit
Stock market speculation / buying on margin
Wide spread panic and selling stock all at once

19. 132 Great Depression Severe economic recession in the 1930s caused by:
Overproduction, underconsumption, stock market crash, disparity in wealth, banking panic.
Led to decreases in:
Industry, trade, construction, mining, logging, farming, business profits, tax revenues, and personal incomes.

20. Social & political impact of Great Depression
133
Social & political impact of Great Depression
Less health & dental care. Homelessness, depression, suicide rate, & foreclosures increased
Hoovervilles - Areas of shacks and tents where the homeless lived during the Great Depression. The name shows criticism and blame toward President Hoover.

21. Dust Bowl
134
Severe dust storms across the Great Plains caused by drought and overproduction of the land.
As a result, people began migrating to California looking for jobs.

22. 135
New Deal
Pres. Franklin Roosevelt’s plan to end the Great Depression.
Focused on:
Relief for the needy
Recovery for the economy
Reform to prevent another Great Depression.
Examples: FERA, PWA, CCC, TVA, AAA, FDIC, SEC

23. The Second New Deal
136
The 2nd phase of President Franklin Roosevelt’s plan to end the Great Depression.
Most important part was the Social Security Act which provided:
Old-age pensions
Unemployment compensation
Aid for the disabled and for families with dependent children.

24. 137 Eleanor Roosevelt FDR’s wife
Traveled across the country and reported back to FDR.
Supported women’s rights, social progress, and humanitarian causes.
Fought to end racial discrimination.
Changed role of First Lady to being a more active one.
Eleanor Roosevelt

25. 138
Supreme Court said some of the New Deal programs were unconstitutional.
To protect the New Deal, FDR wanted to add new judges to the Supreme Court through the Court Packing Bill.
This plan was never passed.
Court
Packing Bill

26. 139 Huey Long FDR’s biggest critic.
Felt the New Deal did not do enough to fix the economy.
Supported Socialism and “Share Our Wealth”
Planned to run against FDR for the presidency but was assassinated.
Huey Long

27. 140
Neutrality Acts were passed to keep the US out of WWII:
Prohibited selling arms or making loans to nations at war.
Eventually allowed the sale of arms on a “cash and carry” basis.
Neutrality
Acts

28. 141
Lend-Lease Act
Passed March Amended the Neutrality Acts so that the US could lend or lease supplies to countries whose defense was vital to our own survival.

29. 142
Pearl Harbor
Dec. 7, 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) to destroy military base and fuel supply.
This event caused the US to officially enter WWII.

30. FDR’s Executive Orders during WWII
143
FDR’s Executive Orders during WWII
Order banned discrimination in defense industries.
Order 9066 – Japanese, German, and Italian Americans were placed in rural relocation camps in the US because of Pearl Harbor and being at war with the Axis Powers.

31. Domestic Impact of WWII
144
Mobilization of troops –volunteers, draft, WAAC
Industry – factories converted to war production and 6 million women joined the workforce.
Conservation - mandatory rationing, and conservation of war goods.

32. 145 D-Day (Operation Overlord) June 6, 1944.
Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France.
Largest land-sea-air invasion in history
Cleared the way for an invasion of Germany

33. 146 Battle of Midway Midway was US refueling station in the Pacific.
Japan attacks, US wins
Turning point for the war in the Pacific and morale boost for our soldiers.
Allowed US to transport supplies to the Pacific front

34. Fall of Berlin
147
April-May 1945 – One of the final battles of the European Theater.
Hitler committed suicide while Berlin was under siege.
Berlin fell to the Soviets on May 2 and the war in Europe ended May 8, 1945

35. Manhattan Project
148
Top secret project to develop the atomic bomb at Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Truman made the decision to drop 2 atomic bombs on Japan to end WWII quickly and save lives of American soldiers.

36. Major events & the end of World War II
149
Major events & the end of World War II
Lend-Lease Act
Pearl Harbor
Battle of Midway
D-Day
Fall of Berlin
Manhattan Project (Atomic Bomb)

37. 150 Atomic Bomb Showed US military strength.
Soviets began developing atomic weapons to keep up (led to the Cold War).
Nuclear power would be used for aircraft carriers, submarines, private homes, businesses, and medical technology (PET scans)