1. Imperialism in China

2. Trade
China was selling to Europe, but buying very little creating a favorable balance of trade: exporting more than they are importing
Problem for Europe: They have a trade deficit with China: buying more than they are selling
Silk
Tea
Porcelain

3. Solution:
British merchants begin selling opium (grown in India) to the Chinese
Huge profits
Problem for China
Chinese became addicted to the drug
Unfavorable balance of trade for China
Business slowed down and the standard of living fell

5. Chinese men smoking opium in a Shanghai den, early 1900s

7. Chests of Opium Brought into China

9. Chinese Response
Chinese Emperor outlawed the drug and executed drug dealers
Confiscated around 20,000 chests of opium (approx tons)
Demanded the British stop trading opium
Difficult to enforce and GB refused
The Spark of War:
Chinese war ships set a GB drug ship on fire in the port of Canton

10. First Opium War ( )
British warships were more advanced
Easily defeated the Chinese.

12. Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking) 1842
The first unequal treaty:
China forced to sign it
GB gets what it wants:
5 ports open exclusively for GB
Chinese pay a huge payment for war
GB owns Hong Kong
“extraterritoriality” – “our house, your rules” – GB citizens accused of crimes tried under GB law, not Chinese law

13. Areas in which an outside power
claimed exclusive trading privileges

14. What is the pie meant to represent?
Who are the different people surrounding the pie?
What are the people in the picture doing?
What is going to be the fate of China?

15. What does this cartoon say about the US in China?

16. The United States demanded equal trading status within China, and announced the Open Door Policy in 1899.
This stated that all nations should have equal trading rights.
This prevented the expansion of spheres of influences
Europeans accepted it & no one asked the Chinese.

17. Political cartoon poster
Topic: Opium War, Spheres of influence or Open Door Policy, Taiping or Boxer Rebellion
Requirements:
Title
Picture (s) with symbols
People/flags of nations involved/animals
Clear meaning (caption)
Color

18. Chinese Reactions to Imperialism
Taiping Rebellion ( )
Peasants, angry at poverty & corrupt Qing officials, revolted
Led by Hong Xiuquan
Establishes the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
The rebel agenda included social reforms such as shared "property in common", equality for women, and the replacement of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Chinese folk religion with their form of Christianity.

19. Results of Taiping:
Qing government crushed rebellion, with aid from Fr. and GB forces
Twenty million Chinese deaths
Weakening of China

20. defeats China and wins Formosa (later Taiwan) and Korea
2. Sino-Japanese War: Japan easily
defeats China and wins Formosa
(later Taiwan) and Korea
China attempts to adopt Western ideas:
Schools
Banks
Press
Military
Weapons

21. The Boxers
3. Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Chinese Nationalists attempting to rid their country of foreign influence
Empress Dowager
Troops of the Eight nations alliance of Left to right: Britain, United States, Australian colonial, British India, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Japan.

24. Killed foreigners and Chinese Christians
Destroyed foreign property
Boxer Protocol
Sept. 7, 1901

25. Results of the Boxer Rebellion
Western troops occupy Beijing
China prohibited from importing arms for two years
Pay $330 million in reparations
MORE foreign influence

27. 1. The eagle in the upper left-hand corner represents the United States. Name three European countries represented in the cartoon.
2. How is China depicted in the cartoon?
3. What impression of imperialism does the cartoon try to convey?
4. What might be an appropriate title for the cartoon?

28. Sun Yixian
“Father of Modern China” Leader of the Nationalist Party or Guomindang 3 goals: 1. Nationalism: freeing China from foreign domination 2. Democracy: representative government 3. “Livelihood”: economic security for all Chinese

29. Political cartoon poster
Topic: Opium War, Spheres of influence or Open Door Policy, Taiping or Boxer Rebellion
Requirements:
Title
Picture (s) with symbols
People/flags of nations involved/animals
Clear meaning (caption)
Color

30. Russo-Japanese War
1904 Japan launched a surprise attack against Russian troops in Port Arthur.
1905 Russia surrendered, granting Japan Korea and Manchuria
First time a European nation is defeated by an Asian nation!
Shock to the world; still very ethnocentric.

31. 1910 - Japan annexes Korea because
it needed natural resources!
Japan gained control of some trade ports
Thousands of Japanese settled there
Japan had become an industrial power, supports the US & UK in WWI
At the end of WWI Japan gained German colonies and proved itself a world power.
Racial discrimination towards the Japanese continues