1. Our most obvious of characteristics
GENDER
Our most obvious of characteristics

2. Adults use gender to…. Form Impressions Interpret Behavior
Socially Constructed

3. Biological differences between males and females=sex

4. Characteristics of Males Characteristics of Females

5. Gender Roles….

6. All cultures define roles differently…

7. Big Boys don’t cry!

8. The lipstick effect
Stereotype Threat

9. Your personal, private sense of male/female
Women cry more than men Women smile more than men Men curse more than women Women are more likely to talk about their personal lives Holding a cigarette- women hold it up/men hold it down
Gender Identify….

10. When is Gender Identity Formed? -Lawrence Kohlberg
Gender Labeling: understanding that one is a girl or boy and labeling the self as such (2-3 years)
Gender Stability: understanding that one will forever be a boy or girl (preschool)
Gender Constancy: understanding that one’s maleness and femaleness does not change across situations or with personal wishes (4-7 years)
When is Gender Identity Formed? -Lawrence Kohlberg

11. Gender-Schema theory: Children decide if objects, activities or behaviors are “male” or “female” and then decide whether they should act accordingly.
This addresses when but not “how” children learn about gender….Gender-Schema theory

12. Many cultural variations…
Mundugumor (New Guinea) both genders are “fierce”, “aggressive” (male?)
Tanbiouli (Egypt) roles are reversed.
Mohave (Native American) 4 genders:
A woman
A woman who acts like a man
A man
A man who acts like a woman
Many cultural variations…

13. Androgynous= No distinct gender appearance/behavior

14. Transgendered
Intersexed
One’s gender not the same as biological sex Also An individual whose behavior, appearance and/or gender identity are not the norm
Having unrecognized genitalia or both male and female genitalia

15. Gender and the price of happiness…
Advertising, Image and Self-esteem

16. Killing Us Softly Advertising’s Image of Women