1. The Spirit of Independence
Chapter 5
The Spirit of Independence

2. RECAP: Proclamation Line of 1763 Issued by King George III
Prohibited Colonists from settling West of Appalachian Mountains
3 Ways Proclamation benefited Britain
Kept the peace between Native Americans and Settlers
Kept Colonists near the Atlantic Coast
Britain controlled westward expansion and fur trade
CONTROL!!

3. New Taxes Stamp Act Sugar Act Townshend
*Interactive Comparison Chart of New Taxes

4. Colonial Resistance and British Reaction
Colonists:
Boycotts
Samuel Adams of Boston – formed Sons of Liberty and led protests against the Stamp Act
British:
Send troops to occupy Boston and control the area

5. Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770
Violence erupted between Bostonians and British soldiers
5 Colonists killed
Resulted in:
Repeal of Townshend Act, except for tea tax
Boycotts ended, except for tea

6. British East India Company
Vital to British economy
Colonists boycotted the company
Parliament passed Tea Act to protect British economy
Colonists don’t like being told what to do and how to do it

7. Boston Tea Party 1773 – 3 ships arrive in Boston Harbor
Sons of Liberty show up at midnight of December 16, dressed as Native Americans
Throw off 342 chests of tea into harbor

8. Intolerable Acts
1774 – Parliament passes Coercive Acts to punish Colonists
Quebec Act – gave French Canadians complete religious freedom and restored French form of civil law.
Expanded Canadian territory to the Ohio River on the south and Mississippi River on the West

9. First Continental Congress
1774 – 55 delegates in Philadelphia, PA
Purpose – to challenge British control
Major Players: Massachusetts – Samuel Adams, John Adams (lawyer)
New York – John Jay (lawyer)
Virginia – George Washington, Richard Lee Henry, and Patrick Henry

10. Fighting Begins – Lexington and Concord
Paul Revere and William Dawes, messengers for Colonists
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Use interactive map

11. Pick a Side Loyalists Patriots
Sided with Britain; loyal to King George III
Supported the war for independence from Britain
Did NOT want a Rebellion
Thought British rule was unbearable
Some feared losing their jobs
Were determined to fight the British
Believed Britain would win, so it was better to side with Britain

12. Second Continental Congress
May 10, 1775
John Adams, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, George Washington
NEW GUYS – Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Thomas Jefferson
Created Post Office, authorized printing of money, Continental Army
Olive Branch Petition – sent to King George III to stop war
King George III sent 30,000 Germans troops to join the British in defeating the Colonists

13. Declaring Independence
January 9, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense – called for a complete break away from British Rule
Authors: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson (wrote first draft) Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman
July 2, 1776 – 2nd C.C. voted on Richard Lee’s resolution; 12 voted yes, New York announced support later
July 4, 1776 – Jefferson’s draft of Declaration was signed
Hancock signed first
56 delegates signed

14. Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson inspired by John Locke – Freedom, Natural rights of life, liberty, and property
4 Major Sections to the Declaration:
Preamble – introduction and explains reasons for writing the document
Natural Rights
List of Grievances – complaints against British and blaming King George III
Resolution of Independence – Colonies have full power to make wars, form alliances, and trade with other countries
Animated Map