2. English Colonization of America

4. A. English Competition With Spain
1. Britain and Spain were Catholic Allies until Protestantism came to Britain
Henry VIII breaks from Rome in 1530s
Created the Protestant Anglican Church, (a.k.a. Church of England)
2. Elizabeth I ( ) solidified Britain as Protestant state and rival of Spain
a. Irish Catholics sought alliance with Spain but English crushed them; brutal atrocities
b. Commissioned pirates (“Sea Dogs”) and explorers to plunder Spanish ships and colonies; Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh; knighthood offended Spain
c. Sir Walter Raleigh – 1585 Roanoke Island Colony – named region “Virginia” for virgin-Queen - “Lost Colony” failed – Raleigh beheaded by Queen

7. Roanoke – “The Lost Colony”

10. 3. Defeat of Spanish Armada
a. Spanish attack on Britain; lost in one of greatest naval battles in history – Battle of Trafalgar; Admiral Horatio Nelson
b. Ignited British nationalism – political/ religious unity behind strong and popular Queen
Patriotism fueled imperialism
Inspired Golden of British Literature - Shakespeare
c. Shifted balance of power in Europe and New World to Britain
Beginning of the end for Spanish Empire – signed treaty w/Britain in 1604
Opened door to British colonization of New World

11. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)

12. Trafalgar Square – Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson

13. English Motives to Migrate
Richard Haklyut
“There is under our noses a great and ample country of Virginia; the island whereof is found of late to be so sweet and wholesome a climate, so rich and abundant in silver mines, a better and richer country than Mexico itself. If it shall please the almighty to stir up Her Majesty’s heart to continue with transporting one or two thousand of her people, she shall by God’s assistance, in short space, increase her dominions, enrich her coffers, and reduce many pagans to the faith of Christ.”
“GOD, GOLD, AND GLORY”

14. B. English Motives to Migrate
1. Population Growth meant more hungry mouths, more unemployed, more beggars and paupers
2. Enclosure – (not in notes)
new system of fencing land for sheep farming (supply wool industry) displaced farmers from land – overproduction of wool leads to collapse and joblessness
3. Primogeniture –
1st born son inherits everything; little brothers of rich had to find their own fortunes – many looked to America
4. Joint-Stock Companies –
Investors pooled money to fund fortune-seeking expeditions of New World (venture capital); predecessor of corporations
5. “Adventurous Spirit” – influence of Renaissance
C. Jamestown, Virginia – 1st permanent English colony - “Nightmare at Jamestown”