1. Chemsheets AS006 (Electron arrangement)
26/06/2018
BIOCHEMISTRY
© A July-2016

2. AMINO ACIDS amine group carboxylic acid group
© A July-2016

3. AMINO ACIDS
From Dept Bio Pemn State

4. Joining amino acids together to make polypeptides and proteins:
Condensation reaction: molecules join and water is eliminated
© A July-2016

5. Public domain image from wikipedia

6. Breaking down polypeptides and proteins into amino acids:
Needs: acid or enzyme
Hydrolysis reaction: reaction with water in which O-H bond breaks
© A July-2016

7. Amino acids be analysed by TLC (can be stained using ninhydrin)

8. or view results under UV light

9. Rf values can identify amino acids
solvent front
Rf values can identify amino acids
5 cm
For substance R Rf = 3 = 0.6 5
For substance S Rf = 4 = 0.8
4 cm
3 cm
starting line
R S
© A Jul-16

10. PROTEINS
Public domain image from wikipedia

11. Helix held in shape by hydrogen bonds
Public domain image from wikipedia
Helix held in shape by hydrogen bonds

12. α-helix
β-sheet

13. α-helix
β-sheet

14. Public domain image from wikipedia

15. covalent bonds between amino acids 2y structure held by:
hydrogen bonds
3y structure held by:
disulfide bonds
ionic attractions (e.g. COO– and NH3+)
etc
Public domain image from wikipedia

16. DNA

17. P DNA This is a NUCELOTIDE BASE phosphate group 2-deoxyribose
SUGAR
BASE
2-deoxyribose
one of 4 bases:
adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine

18. DNA DNA is a polymer made of: -sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate- P P P
BASE P
SUGAR
BASE P
SUGAR
BASE

19. DNA
part of a chain
2-deoxyribose
phosphate

20. DNA
adenine
bonding site to deoxyribose
H bonding site to base partner

21. DNA
thymine
bonding site to deoxyribose
H bonding site to base partner

22. DNA
guanine
bonding site to deoxyribose
H bonding site to base partner

23. DNA cytosine bonding site to deoxyribose
H bonding site to base partner

24. DNA

25. BASE PAIRS IN DNA
hydrogen bonding between base pairs holds DNA strands together
thymine
cytosine
0000
guanine
adenine

26. BASE PAIRS IN DNA

27. Public domain image from wikipedia

28. Public domain image from wikipedia

29. CIS-PLATIN Very effective drug to fight cancer (e.g. testicular)
Pt binds to N in guanine in DNA (substitutes for Cl- ligands)
Stops DNA replication as binds two chains together

30. ENZYMES are proteins that act as catalysts in biological systems
they bind to a substrate but are very stereospecific
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31. ENZYMES Drug action – blocks active sites to inhibit enzymes
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