1. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Study workflow

2. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
FE model inputs, acquired from the subject's motion analysis. (a) Implemented moments and rotations. Extension–flexion input was implemented as rotation, while varus–valgus and internal–external inputs were implemented as moments. (b) Implemented total quadriceps force and its anterior–posterior and distal–proximal components. (c) Implemented translational forces.

3. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Simulated muscle activations from multibody modeling and experimental EMG for vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius medialis. Experimental EMG data and simulated activations of each muscle are normalized to the peak value of the activation during the stance phase of gait.

4. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
(a) Model geometry. The reference point (through which forces, moments, and extension–flexion rotation are implemented) is coupled to the femoral cartilage–bone interface. (b) Implementation of depthwise collagen fibril orientation in all the three models and the superficial primary fibril orientation (i.e., split-line pattern).

5. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Femoral rotations and reaction forces in tibial and patellar cartilages during gait cycle: (a) extension–flexion rotation. All the models are identical due to the input, (b) internal–external rotation, (c) varus–valgus rotation, (d) reaction forces in the lateral tibial condyle, (e) reaction forces in the medial tibial condyle, and (f) reaction forces in the patellar cartilage.

6. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Comparison between homogeneous, inhomogeneous, and osteoarthritic patellar cartilage models. Posterior view and axial view with femoral cartilage: (a)–(c) homogeneous patellar cartilage, (d)–(f) inhomogeneous patellar cartilage, and (g)–(i) osteoarthritic patellar cartilage.

7. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Average fibril strains in the patellar cartilage as a function of time at different depths: (a) element layer 1 (superficial zone), (b) element layer 2 (middle zone), (c) element layer 3 (deep zone), and (d) element layer 4 (deep zone)

8. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Average compressive strains in the patellar cartilage as a function of time at different depths: (a) element layer 1 (superficial zone), (b) element layer 2 (middle zone), (c) element layer 3 (deep zone), and (d) element layer 4 (deep zone)

9. Date of download: 10/31/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(7): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Average maximum principal stresses in the patellar cartilage as a function of time at different depths: (a) element layer 1 (superficial zone), (b) element layer 2 (middle zone), (c) element layer 3 (deep zone), and (d) element layer 4 (deep zone)