1. Classification of Matter
Unit 3 – Study of Matter *

2. What is Matter? Matter What are some examples of matter?
The “stuff” that makes of the universe
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What are some examples of matter? *

3. Properties of Matter Name some properties of the puppy…
Each specific substance has its own combination of properties that can be used to identify the substance
Chemistry
The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
Chemistry
The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes *

4. Properties of Matter Properties Color Hardness Texture Shape
white, green...
Hardness
hard, soft...
Texture
smooth, rough, slippery...
crystal, powder...
Shape
square, no shape…
State of Matter
solid, liquid, gas
Temperature
by observation only!
hot, cold…
Properties of Matter *

5. Properties of Matter Flammability Solubility Odor Density
- How easily does it catch on fire, MSDS Sheet
Solubility
- ability of a given solute (solid) to dissolve in a solvent (liquid)
Odor
- does it have a smell?
Density
- amount of mass per volume
Melting/Boiling Point
- at what temperature does it melt or boil
Viscosity
- resistance for a liquid to flow
- flows slow = high viscosity
Malleability
- ability for a material to bend

6. Kinds of Matter 3 kinds of matter Identify which is which… Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Identify which is which… *

7. A substance that can not be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means
Smallest part that keeps it’s properties
Building blocks of matter
All matter composed of elements
Elements are made of atoms
Exist in uncombined and
combined forms
Elements *

8. *

9. Compounds A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined
Formulas
CO2
Two O for
every 1 C
How do compounds differ from elements? *

10. Mixture
Made from two or more substances that are together in the same place but NOT chemically combined into a new substance
Elements, compounds, or both
Water
Not found in pure state in nature
Found as mixture that contains dissolved oxygen, salts, and other substances *

11. Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous Not uniform in composition
Can tell the difference between the substances
Possible to separate
Homogeneous
Uniform in composition
Can NOT tell the difference between the substances
Difficult to separate
also called a solution
Mixture *

12. Solutions Some mixtures involve solids being dissolved in a liquid
koolaid
Solute
solid substance to be dissolved
Solvent
liquid that will be doing the dissolving
Solution
mixture of the solute being dissolved in the solvent

13. Solutions A cup of water can only dissolve so much salt
solvents can only dissolve a certain amount of solute
the rest will settle in the bottom
saturated
Temperature changes this
The warmer the solvent, the more solute it can dissolve
The particles have more kinetic energy and can overcome more attractive forces

14. The Beach Elements Compounds Silicon, oxygen, calcium, carbon
Calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide
How is silicon different from silicon dioxide?
How is calcium carbonate different from calcium, oxygen, and carbon?
How to the properties of the beach sand, which is a mixture, compare to the properties of the compounds it contains?
Mixture *

15. Changes in Matter Is this someone you know?? How can you tell?
Two ways matter can
Change:
Physical Change
Chemical Change *

16. A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does NOT convert the material into a new substance
Examples
Chopping wood
Bending wire
Changes in state
Physical
Change *

17. Physical Change Change of State Still the same substance
changing from one phase of matter to another
solid - liquid - gas
Still the same substance

18. Chemical Change
A change in matter that produces new substances (aka chemical reaction)
Made from the same elements
Rearranged into new combinations
Examples
Burning
Rusting *

19. Physical vs. Chemical Change
Physical Change
stampedes → stampedes
Chemical Change
stampedes → made + steps
Chemical vs. Physical Changes *

20. *

21. Solid Definite shape and definite volume
Particles are packed very close together
Stay together in fixed positions
Vibrate (move back and forth slightly)
Low kinetic energy
Not easily compressed or expanded *

22. Liquid Definite volume, no definite shape
Particles are free to move
Slightly more kinetic energy than a solid
Packed almost as close as a solid
Takes the shape of its container
Do not easily compress or expand
Just changes shape *

23. Viscosity Resistance of a liquid to flow High viscosity flow slowly
Molasses
syrup
Low viscosity flow quickly
Water
Rubbing alcohol
Vinegar *

24. Gas No definite shape or volume
Will spread or squeeze to fit the container
Move quickly and randomly - high kinetic energy
Like seagulls *

25. Energy and Changes in State
Thermal energy
Energy of the particles of a substance
Gain thermal energy – move faster (endothermic)
solid to liquid to gas
Lose energy – move slower (exothermic)
gas to liquid to solid
Change of state occurs when thermal energy increases or decreases by a sufficient amount *

26. Changes in State *

27. Liquid and Solid Melting Freezing All happens at 0°C for water
Solid to liquid
Energy added changes the
arrangement of the molecules
Molecules vibrate faster and faster and break free
Freezing
Liquid to solid
Energy lost
Molecules move so slowly they form
regular patterns
All happens at 0°C for water *

28. Liquid and Gas Vaporization Condensation
Liquid gains energy to become a gas
Two types
Evaporation – only takes place on the surface
Drying puddle
Boiling – takes place inside and on the surface
Boiling point – temperature at which a specific liquid boils
Changes with air pressure – Denver, Colorado (lowers)
Condensation
Gas particles lose energy to
become a liquid
Breathing on a mirror *

29. Identifying Substances
3 unknown clear colorless materials
Determine the difference based on boiling points
Water: 100°C
Chloroform: 61°C
Ethyl alcohol: 79°C *

30. Solid and Gas Sublimation Deposition
Solid gains energy to become a gas
Does not pass through liquid phase at all
Deposition
Gas loses energy to become a solid
With dry ice, you can’t see the gas that forms… the fog is water vapor from nearby air that cools *

31. Density As thermal energy is added
particles move faster
spread out more
Density decreases as thermal energy increase
Density = mass per volume D=m/V
Volume
space it takes up *