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Galactic Gamma-Ray Transients with AGILE
A. Chen on behalf of the AGILE Team 7th AGILE Workshop ESRIN, 30 September, 2009
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Continuous monitoring of sources in the FOV
AGILE capabilities Continuous monitoring of sources in the FOV SAA and Earth occultation Good sensitivity near 100 MeV Simultaneous hard X-ray and gamma-ray monitoring Ideal for Microquasar studies
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The AGILE 1-day exposure (E > 100 MeV)
(30 Nov. 2008)
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AGILE-GRID telemetry on Nov. 3, 2008
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AGILE gamma-ray map, Nov. 3, 2008
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a comparison: 1-day exposure
AGILE (GRID) FERMI (LAT) FOV (sr) 2.5 sky coverage 1/5 whole sky Source livetime fraction ~ 0.5 ~ 0.16 1-day exposure (30 degree off-axis, 100 MeV) ~ cm2 sec ~ (1-2) 107 cm2 sec Attitude fixed variable
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~1 day livetime for any source
FERMI AGILE
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~1 day livetime for any source
FERMI AGILE
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AGILE, Galactic Center Region at 100 and 400 MeV
E >100 MeV E >400 MeV
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E >100 MeV E > 1 GeV
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Example of the Super-AGILE View of the Galactic Plane (3
Example of the Super-AGILE View of the Galactic Plane (3.6 days, l=337, b=8)
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Galactic Center as seen by SuperAGILE
Ginga Sco X-1 GX 17+2 AX J GX 5-1 4U GRS Daily variability in the Galactic Center Ginga 4U GX 17+2 GRS Sco X-1 GX 1+4 9 Days Integration
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Galactic sources: main topics and discoveries
10 new Pulsars Discovery of new gamma-ray sources and gamma-ray transients in the Galaxy Microquasar studies, Gamma-ray emission from Gal. compact objects Colliding wind systems SNRs and origin of cosmic rays
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AGILE Galactic gamma-ray transient candidates
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GRID: critical issues Source confusion
Uncertainties in diffuse Galactic emission model (dark clouds, other effects…) Particle background Quicklook issues “spotting” transients efficient alerts statistical fluctuations
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N° Telegram Data Source coordinate l b 1848 17-Nov-08 AGL J 78.3 2.1 1827 4-Nov-08 AGL J 79.44 0.85 1592 26-giu 3C 454.3 86.11 -38.18 1585 23-giu AGL 78.31 2.05 1583 17-giu Mrk 421 179.83 65.03 1582 W Comae 201.73 83.2 1581 16-giu 1574 12-giu Mkn 421 1547 27-mag Cygnus 77.9 2.6 1545 1492 28-apr 78.01 2.19 1445 27-mar IGR J 1.55 0.51 1436 20-mar PKS 351.28 40.13 1428 17-mar SAX J 0.49 -0.94 1394 22-feb Musca 312.2 -0.3 1320 04-dic 75.0 -0.4 1308 27-nov 1300 22-nov 1278 14-nov 1221 21-set TXS 143.98 28.01 1199 31-ago 351.1 39.7 1167 02-ago 1160 27-lug
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AGILE ATEL’s FERMI-LAT ATEL’s
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Cygnus Region Carina Region Galactic Center
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Galactic gamma-ray transients: an AGILE discovery
Cygnus region Carina region Crux region AGILE observes variability and detects new transients on time scales of 1 day at flux levels of 10-6 cm-2s-1 even in crowded, high diffuse emission Galactic plane regions. NO detectable simultaneous hard X-ray emission (F < mCrab, keV, 1-day integration)
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AGILE surprises NO simultaneous strong HARD X-RAY emission (no accreting micro-qso’s in strong outburst) !!! in general, no obvious X-ray source or INTEGRAL sources some SWIFT follow-ups: no detection, except one. but…Eta-Car example: colliding wind binary outburst (?!)
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Energetics… Gamma-ray luminosity above 100 MeV
L = (a few) x 1034 d2kpc erg/s Compatible with CWB expectations Possible new class of (non-accreting or low X-ray) sources
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Micro-QSO studies Cyg X-1 Cyg X-3 GRS SS 433 ….
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Cygnus region
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Cyg X-3
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AGILE and Cygnus X-3 AGILE detects several gamma-ray flares from Cygnus X-3, and also weak persistent emission above 100 MeV very interesting correlations with radio and X-ray states gamma-ray flares usually before radio flares
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example: very strong radio flare of Cygnus X-3 in April 2008
Strong radio-flare reaching ~20 Jy on Apr. 18, 2008 (RATAN) good exposure by AGILE before, during and after the radio flare, both in hard X-rays and gamma-rays gamma-ray flare detected at the onset of the radio flare
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very strong radio flare, presumably with jet ejection
strong gamma-ray flare X-ray (1-10 keV) flare Hard X-ray flux state change (Super-A monitoring)
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Cygnus X-3 and other micro-qso’s
Encouraging prospects for gamma-ray flares from other microquasars Long timescale multiwavelength monitoring crucial radio, X, gamma
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Transient in the Cygnus Region Nov 18-28, 2007
Transient, 24 Nov. 07
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AGLJ Light Curve
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AGLJ2022+3622 -- Possible Source Counterparts
3EG J = 1AGL J (Roberts et al. 2002) Pulsar Wind Nebula PSR J No day-scale variability expected 3EG J = B (G ) (Halpern et al. 2001) Blazar outside error box MGRO J MILAGRO TeV source extended and diffuse IGR J (Sguera et al. 2006) Other
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LSI +61°303
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GRID Galactic anticenter observation
LSI +61°303 GRID Galactic anticenter observation
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LSI field (all data)
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AGILE Counts
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Variability of LSI E > 100 MeV with 10% systematic error on fluxes χ2 = for 23 degrees of freedom V = Pvar = NB: V < 0.5 nonvariable source 0.5 < V < 1 uncertain V > 1 variable source (McLaughlin et al. 1996)
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Easter 2009 transient
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Easter transient: 10-13 April 2009, 10143-10180, bin =0
Easter transient: April 2009, , bin =0.2, B16, FM, E>100 MeV
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Easter transient: 10-13 April 2009, 10143-10180, bin =0
Easter transient: April 2009, , bin =0.2, B16, FM, E>100 MeV
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Easter transient: 10-13 April 2009, 10143-10180, bin =0.2, B17b, FT
E > 100 MeV E > 400 MeV
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Conclusions very exciting time for Galactic gamma-ray source studies, AGILE and FERMI first detections by AGILE of Galactic transients no hard X-ray outbursts low flux X-ray sources FAST alerts and follow-up multi-freq. Observations ! Archival long-baseline studies and cross-correlation
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Cygnus X-3 April 2008 Giant radio flare of Cygnus X-3 detected by RATAN-600 radio telescope Radio flux increasing of a factor ~103, from ~10 mJy to ~10 Jy S.A.Trushkin et al., ATel #1483 10 Jy is typical flux for plasmoids emission ! In the same period SuperAGILE revealed an X-ray flare
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RATAN Obs. (S. Truskhin et al.) Apr. 13 – Apr. 27, 2008
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