1. 4.4 Struggle for Civil Rights

2. Struggle for rights Southern states passed Jim Crow laws
Separated whites & blacks in most public places
Different schools
Back of the bus
Separate sections of eating places
Different water fountains

3. Montgomery Bus Boycott-1955
Brown Decision
1954 Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka KS
Supreme Ct ruled it unconstitutional to segregate
Inherently unequal
Cited the 14th Amendment-equal protection
Montgomery Bus Boycott-1955
Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up seat on bus to a white man
Martin Luther King Jr. led boycott of bus system
Supreme Ct ruled law unconstitutional

4. Martin Luther King Jr. Civil Rights 1964
Led peaceful protests for civil rights
I have a dream speech
Freedom Riders would ride busses to different places to protest
Civil Rights 1964
Far-reaching law
Prohibited discrimination in public places
Employment
Education
Voter registration
Also gender

5. Civil Rights Gains Affirmative Action
Voting Rights Act of ‘65 opened doors
Educational opportunities
Professional & managerial opportunities
Affirmative Action
Controversial 1970’s program
Called for hiring & promoting minorities
Colleges also admitted more minorities
Gratz v. Bollinger went to Supreme Ct.
Michigan's point based system was ruled unconstitutional
It gave minorities too much

6. Struggle continues 75,000 workplace discrimination complaints/yr
Racial profiling by police
Hate crimes
Based on race, national origin, disability, religion & gender