1. Mohamed Ali Daw, MD, PhD, FTCDI,MPS
Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus and Genotypes Distribution among Immigrants Crossing Towards Europe from North and Sub-Saharan Africa
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Mohamed Ali Daw, MD, PhD, FTCDI,MPS
Department of Medical Microbiology &Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli-LIBYA

2. Summary
A serum samples were collected from African immigrants coming from North and Sub-Saharan Africa resided in Tripoli-Libya ( )
Each serum sample was tested for anti-HCV antibody and then genotypes were determined .
The data was correlated with demographic and potential risk factors within the recruited individuals.
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3. Why this study is important ?
A rare study highlighting the status HCV infections among immigrants before the final settlement in EU countries
The study could be used as a vehicle for further understanding to the epidemiology of HCV in African countries which rarely studied.
This is more likely to influence EU countries health care system regarding viral screening and guide lines of antiretroviral therapy
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4. Background
North and Sub-Saharan Africa have been considered to harbor the highest prevalence of HCV.
Mass migration has been on the upswing in recent years particularly from North and sub-Saharan Africa.
HCV infections among African immigrants are rarely studied particularly before resettlement.
The study aimed to determine 1-the prevalence of HCV among African immigrants gather in Libya on their way to Europe 2- distribution of HCV genotypes among these immigrants and its correlation different demographic factors.
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5. Methods Population studied
Region/Country
No. of immigrants/Year
Sample size (%)
Ratio*
2013
2014
2015
Central Africa
Chad
379
978
1200
2557
1:6
Central Africa total
2557 (18)
West Africa
Burkina Faso/Ivory Coast
160
177
230
567
1:25
Niger /Mali
750
1038
1687
3475
1:4
Nigeria/Ghana
300
305
346
951
1:13
West Africa total
1210
1520
2263
4993 (35.2)
1:3
Horn of Africa (East Africa)
Eritrea
320
250
227
797
1:18
Somalia
660
715
637
2012
1:7
Ethiopia
270
215
1:20
East Africa total
1250
1195
1097
3.524 (24.8)
North Africa
Nile River Region
Egypt
326
153
138
617
1:23
Sudan
459
580
859
1898
Maghreb Region
Maghreb countries **
238
197
181
616
North Africa total
1023
930
1178
3131 (22)
Total
3862 (27.2)
4623 (32.5)
5720 (40.3)
14205
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6. Prevalence of anti-HCV
Results
Prevalence of HCV Infections among African Immigrants
Demographic
Characteristics
Prevalence of anti-HCV
Total
No (%) OR
95%CI
Age group
Upper
Lower
< 20
1269
13(1.03)
0.0104
0.0060
0.0180
21-30
5391
253(4.69)
0.0492
0.0432
0.0562
31-40
4502
329(7.31)
0.0788
0.0700
0.0889
>41
3043
444(14.60)
0.1708
0.1525
0.1910
Gender
Male
13159
1369 (10.4)
0.1161
0.1092
0.1234
Female
1046
106 (10.1)
0.1128
0.0906
0.1403
Region of Origin
Central Africa
2557
146 (5.7)
0.0605
0.0529
0.0691
West Africa
4993
405 (8.1)
0.0883
0.0792
0.0984
Horn of Africa
3524
296 (8.4)
0.0917
0.0807
0.1042
North Africa
3131
314 (10.0)
0.1108
0.0905
0.1357
frame)
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7. Region/Country/of Origin
Distribution of HCV genotypes among African immigrants
Region/Country/of Origin
Genotype number (%)
Strains typed (%) 1 2 3 4 5
Central Africa
Chad 97 32 27 38
Total
97 (10.4)
32 (33)
27 (27.8)
38 (39.2)
West Africa
Burkina Faso/Ivory Coast 73 41 16 12
Niger /Mali
105 49 29 19
Nigeria/Ghana
119 62 21 9
297 (32.6)
152 (51.2)
66 (22.2)
3 (1)
58 (19.5)
18 (6.1)
Horn of Africa (East Africa)
Eretria 69 20 14 26 7
Somalia 78 18
Ethiopia
121 33 47 11
268 (29.4)
65 (24.3)
5 (1.9)
67 (25)
111 (41.42)
20 (7.5)
North Africa
Nile River
198 (21.7)
66 (33.3)
28 (14.1)
6 (3)
108 (54.5)
Egypt 63 6 45
Sudan
135 57 25
Maghreb countries
51 (5.6)
21 (41.2)
5 (9.8)
11 (21.6)
14 (27.5)
911
326 (35.8)
131 (14.4)
87 (9.5)
329 (36.1)
38 (4.1)
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8. Conclusion Present your conclusions
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9. Concepts and future steps
A higher prevalence of HCV infections with distinct heterogenic genotypes was evident among immigrants.
Further studies on following up the epidemiology of HCV among immigrants during final resettlement are needed.
Neoliberal policies of HCV prevention should be introduced and extended beyond the European borders to reach Africa
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