1. Human Communication: The Basic Course Twelfth Edition
PowerPoint™ Presentations prepared by:
Naomi Young
University of California, San Diego
Joseph A. DeVito
Hunter College of the City University of New York

2. Chapter Sixteen: Style And Delivery
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3. Chapter Goals Learn About: Language and how it influences us
Ways that speakers use to rehearse and deliver their speeches
The various methods of presentation and how to use your voice and bodily action to greatest advantage
The role of criticism in public speaking
Learn To:
Use language to best achieve purposes
Rehearse your speech efficiently
Deliver your speech with maximum impact
Criticize speeches constructively
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4. Step 8: Word Your Speech Oral Style is… Different from written style
Listeners hear a speech only once
Speech must be instantly intelligible
Shorter, simpler, more familiar words
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5. Choosing Words Clarity Be economical Use specific terms and numbers
Use signposts
Use short, familiar terms
Carefully assess idioms
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6. Vividness Active verbs Strong verbs Figures of speech Imagery
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7. Visual Imagery Create ‘word’ pictures of people or objects
Use auditory imagery
Use tactile imagery
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8. Figures of Speech Alliteration Hyperbole Irony Metaphor Synecdoche
Metonymy
Antithesis
Simile
Personification
Rhetorical Questions
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9. Appropriateness Level of formality Avoid unfamiliar terms Avoid slang
Avoid ethnic expressions
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10. Personal Style Use personal pronouns Use questions Create immediacy
Use personal examples
Address audience as “you”
Reinforce or complement audience
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11. Create Immediacy
Refer directly to commonalities between you and the audience
Refer to shared experiences and goals
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12. Forcefulness/Power Eliminate weakeners Vary intensity as appropriate
Avoid hesitations
Avoid using too many intensifiers
Avoid tag questions
Avoid self-critical statements
Slang and vulgar expressions
Vary intensity as appropriate
Avoid bromides and clichés
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13. Phrasing Sentences Use short sentences Use direct sentences
Use active sentences
Use positive sentences
Vary types of sentences
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14. Step 9: Rehearse Your Speech
Rehearse as a whole
Time speech
Approximate actual situation
See yourself as speaker
Incorporate changes
Rehearse often
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15. Undertake a Long Term Delivery Improvement Program
Seek additional feedback
Consult resources for practice exercises on volume, rate, pitch, and quality
See a speech clinician
Seek professional help if you’re uncomfortable with any aspect of your voice or bodily action
Seek feedback
Learn the differences between effective and ineffective patterns
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16. Step 10: Present Your Speech
Effective Presentation -
Comfortable
Consistent
Interesting
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17. Methods of Presentation
Impromptu
From manuscript
From memory
Extemporaneously
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18. Making Your Presentation More Effective
Be natural
Use presentation style to reinforce your message
Dress appropriately
Vary your presentation
Be conversational
Be expressive
Avoid common mistakes
Use notes appropriately
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19. Voice Voice Volume Rate Pitch
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20. Articulation and Pauses
Omission
Substitution
Addition of sounds or syllables
Accent
Pronunciations of silent sounds
Pauses
Filled
Unfilled
Vocalized Pauses - er, um, ah, well, and ‘you know’
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21. Pronunciation
Mispronouncing words in public speaking may significantly damage your credibility
Errors of accent
Errors of pronouncing silent sounds
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22. Bodily Action Eye contact Facial expression Posture Gestures Movement
Proxemics
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23. Handling Audience Questions
Anticipate likely questions and prepare answers
Encourage questions
Maintain eye contact
Pause before answering
If a question is deemed personal, respond that question is not relevant to topic
If appropriate, thank the questioner or note that it’s a good question
If you’re asked a question and don’t know the answer, say so
Q&A sessions can connect with main points
Don’t allow one person to dominate
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24. Criticizing Speeches What is criticism? Culture and criticism
Guidelines for effective criticism
Don’t express negative evaluation in public
Don’t prove someone wrong
Don’t correct someone’s errors
Don’t ask difficult questions
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25. Knowledge to Action
Think of a speech you have heard and something you will do to overcome some of the flaws in the delivery of that speech.
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