1. The Industrial Revolution in the United States
The Rise of Big Business

2. Effects on Transportation and Labor
Oil
Steel
Wildcatters went looking for oil –found in Spindletop, TX
Kicked off 20 year oil boom in TX
Learn to refine crude oil for gasoline
Helps with transportation and industry
Allows production of railways
1st transcontinental railroad connects at Promontory Summit, UT
Railways create time zones
Effects on Transportation and Labor

3. Economics and Business
Entrepreneurs- risk takers who started new ventures (businesses)
Capitalism – businesses are privately owned
Economics and Business

4. Economic Philosophies
Laissez-fair – “allow to do” or “leave alone” – no government interference
Social Darwinism – Stronger businesses would prosper, weaker ones would fail
Economic Philosophies

5. CORPORATIONS a business with the legal status of an individual
Owned by people who buy stocks in the company
Board of directors make decisions
Advantages: can expand by selling stock; stockholders only lose money they have invested, can exist after founders leave
CORPORATIONS

6. BIG BUSINESSMEN of INDUSTRIALIZATION

7. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company
Used vertical integration – acquiring companies that supplied the oil business
Uses Horizontal integration – bought other oil refineries
John D. Rockefeller

9. Andrew Carnegie Born a Poor Immigrant
Worked for Penn RR and invested money
Founded Carnegie Steel Company
Devoted time to building public libraries and financing Education
Andrew Carnegie

10. Cornelius Vanderbilt Invested in RR
Became very wealthy and his holdings stretched from Michigan and Canada
Gave money to Education
Cornelius Vanderbilt

11. Designed and built sleeper cars that made long distance travel possible
George Pullman

12. The Government tries to intervene

13. Put in place to try to lessen the power of corporations
Illegal to form trust that interfere with free trade
Government did not enforce
Sherman Antitrust Act

14. THIS CREATED MONOPOLIES!
WHAT IS A MONOPOLY??????

15. Monopoly: A situation in which a single company or individual owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service
Monopolies

16. THE FORMATION OF LABOR UNIONS
What is a LABOR UNION and WHY DID THEY FORM?????????

17. Why did they start? Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
New York City, 1911
146 people dead
Some jumped & Fell to their deaths
Victims were mostly year old women, the youngest was 14
The managers had locked the doors to the stairwells and exits – a common practice at the time to prevent theft– many of the workers who could not escape the burning building jumped from the eighth, ninth, and tenth floors to the streets below. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers.
Why did they start?

18. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

19. Labor Unions European immigrants worked industry
African Americans worked as laborers or household help
1900: 1 in 6 children between the ages of held a job outside the home
Laborers start to organize to pressure companies for safer workplaces and better pay
Labor Unions

20. KNIGHTS OF LABOR Leader – Terrence V. Powderly
Accepted unskilled workers, women, African Americans, and employers
Asked for 8 hour work day, end of child labor, and equal pay for equal work
Boycotts and strikes were the main tactics
KNIGHTS OF LABOR

21. STRIKES

22. BOYCOTTS

23. Strikes gone BAD! Great RR Strike Haymarket Riot
1877 – protested for cut wages
2 workers for 2 RR blocked movement of trains
Strikes spread
Stopped freight for over a week
Resulted in mobs and death
1886 – over strikes over wage cuts
Chicago – Haymarket Square crowds protested police action
Bomb was thrown – panic stricken – 11 dead by end
Blamed foreign unionist
Strikes gone BAD!

24. Great RR Strike and Haymarket Riot

25. HOW DID BIG BUSINESS RESPOND TO UNIONS?????
Employers forced employees to sign documents stating they wouldn’t join unions
Blacklisted trouble makers to keep them from getting hired at new jobs
HOW DID BIG BUSINESS RESPOND TO UNIONS?????

26. American Federation of Labor
Led by Samuel Gompers
Won wage increases and shorter workweeks
Setbacks occurred for unions from Homestead strike and Pullman strike
American Federation of Labor

27. Urban (City) Life Creates a NEED for Transportation
URBANIZATION

28. People needed ways to move about locally
Created Streetcars, subways, automobiles

29. Orville and Wilbur Wright make first flight in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, NC
From Dayton, OH
AIRPLANES

30. COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION and other Technology

31. Wires were strung along RR and used Morse Code to communicate
TELEGRAPH

32. TELEPHONE Patented by Alexander Graham Bell
By 1900 more than a million telephones in offices and households
TELEPHONE

33. Typewriter Christopher Latham Sholes
Designed the 1st practical typewriter and keyboard (still used today) – opened jobs for women as typists
Typewriter

34. Thomas Alva Edison Responsible for over 1000 U. S. Patents
First phonograph and telephone transmitter
1st safe electric light bulb, brought electricity network to NY City
Invented motion picture camera and projector
Known as the Wizard of Menlo Park
Thomas Alva Edison

35. The Morrill Tariff enabled the government to hand out large pieces of land out west for only a fraction of the price.
Morrill Tariff