1. SUPERVISION

2. meaning Supervision means to supervise or to oversee . It implies;
To insure maximum utilisation of resources .
To motivate employees to peak their performance .
Intelligent utilisation of human talent .
To ensure proper performance
To ensure that work is being performed as required and according to the plans and policies of organisation.

3. Characteristics of supervision
To help subordinates in solving their problems
To take corrective measures if the work is not in line with the plan
Characteristics of supervision
Pervasive and Universal activity
Continuous process
Checking work while performance.
Important part of the directing function
Face to face contact b/w supervisor and his subordinates

4. Distinction b/w direction and supervision
Concerned with initiating action .
Delegated function – authority to supervise is delegated by top level management
Distinction b/w direction and supervision
direction
supervision
wider concept
Narrow concept
No Face to face contact
Face to face contact
imp. At all levels
More imp. At operating level

5. Need of supervision
Absence of supervision may leads to misunderstanding of duties and performance may not come upto the mark.
Improper supervision may cause frustration among subordinates.
Absence of incentives leads to lose worker’s interest in their work.
Worker’s may lack a sense of direction due to lack of proper supervision.

6. Importance of supervision
Supervision is the ignition key that starts the engine of the enterprise and keeps the managerial train into motion .
Importance of supervision
Proper utiliasat -ion
feedback
Communication
Maintain discipline

7. POSITION OF A SUPERVISOR
The person who performs the job of directing and guiding the performance of an organisation is known as supervisor.
Also known as foreman , departmental head , overseer , headclerk , gang boss.
Link b/w the management and the workers .
Act as protector and promoter .
Concerned with the operating levels of management .

8. Responsibilities of supervisor
A supervisor serves as a necessary link b/w the management and the workers at operating level and as such , possesses a two fold responsibility for satisfying the enterprise as well as employees .

9. Towards his own associates
Towards management
To initiate action and get work done.
Maximum utilisation of resources .
To know the plans and desire of management .
Towards his own associates
Co-operation.
Co-ordination.
Team work .
To consider criticism and suggestion .
Towards workers
To act as a philosopher, friend, and guide .
To listen to their complaints and problems .
Help in performance .
To inspire to work as team .
Boost confidence and zeal in them .

10. Functions of supervisor
Motivating workers
Enforcing discipline
Issuing orders and instructions
Handling grievances
Insuring safety
Maintaining records
Personnel functions
Recruitment
Selection
Training

11. Qualities of a good supervisor
Knowledge of the organisation .
Technical knowledge .
Administrative ability .
Communicative skills .
Leadership qualities .
Co-operative .

12. Physical qualities .
Sound judgement .
Social person .
Flexibility .
Good listener .
Self confidence – no ego problem .
Honesty .
Integrity of character .
Good guide .

13. Example of effective supervisor
An experiment was conducted in X ltd. Company which shows the following results ;
Two groups were taken into account with 4 group members and a supervisor in both the groups ,
First supervisor showed strict behavior towards his subordinates ,while other was so co-operative and friendly ,
Employees of first group were frustrated and their performance level was disappointing , while others were satisfied and dedicated towards their work and their performance was upto the mark .
Result : A co-operative and friendly supervisor handles the management more efficiently and effectively . It leads to smooth functioning of organisation . On the other hand an ineffective supervisor may land the organisation in a hot soup .

14. types of supervision
Autocratic supervision
in this type supervisor expects complete obedience from his subordinates .
Free reign
supervision
In this type maximum freedom is given to the workers .
Democratic supervision
in this type supervisor acts according to mutual consent of workers .

15. Principles of effective supervision .
Competent supervisor
Proper working condition
Organisational setup
Human approach
Management by exception
Effective communication
Spam of supervision

16. How to supervise effectively .
participation of employees.
Know and enforce policies and rules.
Watch waste – material and time loss.
Measure performance.
Secure employees.
Inform top management that why and what action is taking place.
Be aware of the resources available to accomplish the prescribed work.