1. Diagnostic characteristics and prognoses of primary-care patients referred for clinical exercise testing: a prospective observational study
Nilsson G1, 2, Mooe T1, Stenlund H1, Samuelsson E1.
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden1; Jämtland County Council, Research Unit, Östersund, Sweden2.

2. Aims
To identify clinical characteristics that predicted the outcome of exercise testing
To describe the occurrence of cardiovascular events after testing, in primary care patients

3. Method
Patients characteristics were collected from a pre test questionnaire.
Exercise tests were classified as positive (ST-segment depression >1 mm and chest pain indicative of angina), non-conclusive (ST depression or chest pain), or negative.
ORs for exercise-test outcome were calculated with a bivariate logistic model.
Cardiovascular events (unstable angina, myocardial infarctions, revascularization, cardiovascular death, and recurrent angina in primary care) were recorded within six months.
A probability cut-off of 10% was used to detect cardiovascular events in relation to the predicted test outcome.

4. Results I We enrolled 865 patients (mean age 63.5 years, 50.6% men)
6.4% had a positive test
75.5% were negative
16.4% were non-conclusive
1.7% were not assessable

5. Results II Positive or non-conclusive test results were predicted by:
exertional chest pain
a pathologic ST-T segment on resting ECG
angina according to the patient
medication for dyslipidaemia

6. Crude and adjusted ORs for a positive/non-conclusive exercise test (n=850)
Characteristic
Crude OR (95% CI)
Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Pathologic ST-T segment on resting ECG
2.58 ( )
2.29 ( )
Angina diagnosis according to patient’s opinion
2.88 ( )
1.70 ( )
Chest pain walking uphill or in a hurry
3.09 ( )
2.46 ( )
Age in years
1.03 ( )
1.01 ( )
Systolic blood pressure in mm Hg
1.01 ( )
1.01 ( )
Dyslipidaemia, medication for
2.07 ( )
1.51 ( )
Previous cardiovascular event
1.98 ( )
1.02 ( )
Male sex
1.18 ( )
1.16 ( )

7. Results III
Cardiovascular events occurred in 8% of all and 4% had a revascularization.
Cardiovascular events occurred in 52.7%, 18.3%, and 2% of patients with positive, non-conclusive, or negative tests, respectively.
The model predicted 67/69 patients with a cardiovascular event.

8. Conclusions
Clinical characteristics can be used to predict exercise test outcome.
Primary care patients with a negative exercise test have a very low risk of cardiovascular events, within six months.
A predictive model based on clinical characteristics can be used to identify low-risk patients.