3.  Pre-load Heart disease  After-load  C.O.  Tissue perfusion
Pathology of Heart Failure
 Pre-load
Heart disease
 After-load + +
 C.O. -
 Renal blood flow
 Venous pressure
 Tissue perfusion +
 Renin release -
 Angiotensin II
 Aldosterone
Na+ & H2O retension
Edema

4. ANGINA PECTORIS
‘Angina pectoris’ is a Latin phrase that means "strangling in the chest." Unlike a heart attack, the heart muscle is not damaged forever, and the pain usually goes away with rest.
DEFINITION
Heart disease characterized by chest pain that occurs as a result of inadequate oxygen and blood supply to the myocardium.
Angina is characterized by a sudden, severe pressing substernal pain radiating to the left arm.

5. TYPES
1. Stable Angina
2. Unstable Angina
3. Myocardial Infarction
Predictable pattern of exertional pressure sensation in the anterior chest relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
History: Chest pain described as tightness, pressure or aching that is typically located in the substernal area, radiating down one or both arms for 5 minutes or less, precipitated by exercise or emotional stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.