The Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table of Elements
Aim: How are the elements on the periodic table organized?

Don’t Worry… You Will NOT Be Required To Memorize all the Elements on the Table. Even I don’t remember all of them. We are going to learn how it is organized and what it tells us about the atoms of each element

How are the elements on the periodic table organized?
Do Now: Copy Period: the horizontal ( ) rows on the periodic table of elements. Periodic: describes something that occurs or repeats at regular intervals Groups: the vertical ( ) columns on the periodic table of elements. Elements in a group share chemical properties

The elements on the Periodic Table are placed in specific positions because of the way we think they look, and observations of how they act.

YOU'VE GOT YOUR PERIODS. Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right. When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period (Get it? Like PERIODIC TABLE). In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in the same row.

The Periods H He All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic energy levels. The 2 elements in the top row (the first period) have one energy level for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two energy levels for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that, with the maximum number of electron energy levels for any element equalling seven. Li Be B C N O F Ne

YOU HAVE YOUR GROUPS The periodic table has a special name for its columns. The columns go from top to bottom and are called a groups or families. Most of the groups on the periodic table consists of one column going from top to bottom, one group consists of more than 10 plus columns.

The Groups The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels. Electrons found in the outer energy level are called valence electrons. Every element in the first column (group one) has one electron in its outer energy level. Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer energy level.

Periodic Table of Elements Periodic Table of Elements
The Periodic Table Why does the Periodic Table of Elements have the two bars of elements underneath the table? 1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 37 Rb Rubi8dium 85.468 19 K Potassium 39.098 11 Na Sodium 22.990 3 Li Lithium 6.941 56 Ba Barium 137.33 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 23 V Vanadium 50.942 74 W Tungsten 183.84 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 43 Tc Technetium (98) 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 76 Os Osmium 190.23 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 26 Fe Iron 55.845 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 109 Mt Meltnerium 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 79 Au Gold 196.97 47 Ag Silver 107.87 29 Cu Copper 63.546 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 49 In Indium 114.82 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 82 Pb Lead 207.2 50 Sn Tin 118.71 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 113 Uut Ununpium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 33 As Arsenic 74.922 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 84 Po Polonium (209) 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 34 Se Selenium 78.96 85 At Astatine (210) 53 I Iodine 126.90 35 Br Bromine 79.904 86 Rn Radon (222) 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 He Helium 4.0026 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 90 Th Thoriu 232.04 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 97 Bk Berkelium 98 Cf Califorium (251) 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium Periodic Table of Elements 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 89 Ac Actinium (227) 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 8A 18 1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 37 Rb Rubi8dium 85.468 19 K Potassium 39.098 11 Na Sodium 22.990 3 Li Lithium 6.941 56 Ba Barium 137.33 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 23 V Vanadium 50.942 74 W Tungsten 183.84 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 43 Tc Technetium (98) 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 76 Os Osmium 190.23 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 26 Fe Iron 55.845 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 109 Mt Meltnerium 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 79 Au Gold 196.97 47 Ag Silver 107.87 29 Cu Copper 63.546 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 49 In Indium 114.82 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 82 Pb Lead 207.2 50 Sn Tin 118.71 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 113 Uut Ununpium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 33 As Arsenic 74.922 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 84 Po Polonium (209) 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 34 Se Selenium 78.96 85 At Astatine (210) 53 I Iodine 126.90 35 Br Bromine 79.904 86 Rn Radon (222) 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 He Helium 4.0026 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 90 Th Thoriu 232.04 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 97 Bk Berkelium 98 Cf Califorium (251) 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium Periodic Table of Elements 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 89 Ac Actinium (227) 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 8A 18

Periodic Table of Elements Periodic Table of Elements
1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 37 Rb Rubi8dium 85.468 19 K Potassium 39.098 11 Na Sodium 22.990 3 Li Lithium 6.941 56 Ba Barium 137.33 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 23 V Vanadium 50.942 74 W Tungsten 183.84 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 43 Tc Technetium (98) 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 76 Os Osmium 190.23 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 26 Fe Iron 55.845 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 109 Mt Meltnerium 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 79 Au Gold 196.97 47 Ag Silver 107.87 29 Cu Copper 63.546 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 49 In Indium 114.82 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 82 Pb Lead 207.2 50 Sn Tin 118.71 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 113 Uut Ununpium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 33 As Arsenic 74.922 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 84 Po Polonium (209) 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 34 Se Selenium 78.96 85 At Astatine (210) 53 I Iodine 126.90 35 Br Bromine 79.904 86 Rn Radon (222) 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 He Helium 4.0026 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 90 Th Thoriu 232.04 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 97 Bk Berkelium 98 Cf Califorium (251) 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium Periodic Table of Elements 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 89 Ac Actinium (227) 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 8A 18 1 H 1.0070 Hydrogen Cs 55 132.91 Cesium Rb 37 Rubi8dium 85.468 K 19 Potassium 39.098 Na 11 22.990 Sodium Li 3 Lithium 6.941 Ba 56 137.33 Barium Sr 38 Strontium 87.62 Ca 20 40.078 Calcium Mg 12 Magnesium 24.305 Be 4 Beryllium 9.0122 Fr 87 Francium (223) Ra 88 (226) Radium Y 39 88.906 Yttrium Sc 21 Scandium 44.966 Hf 72 Hafnium 178.49 Zr 40 91.224 Zircon Ti 22 Titanium 47.867 Rf 104 Rutherfordium (261) Ta 73 Tantalum 180.95 Nb 41 Niobium 92.906 V 23 Vanadium 50.942 W 74 Tungsten 183.84 Mo 42 Molybdenum 95.94 Cr 24 Chromium 51.996 Db 105 Dubnium (262) Sg 106 Seaborgium (266) Re 75 Rhenium 186.21 Tc 43 Technetium (98) Mn 25 Manganese 54.938 Os 76 Osmium 190.23 Ru 44 Ruthenium 101.07 Fe 26 55.845 Iron Bh 107 Bohrium (264) Hs 108 Hassium (265) Ir 77 192.22 Iridium Rh 45 Rhodium 102.91 Co 27 58.933 Colbolt Pt 78 Platinum 195.08 Pd 46 Palladium 106.42 Ni 28 58.693 Nickle Mt 109 Meltnerium Ds 110 Darmstadtium (272) Au 79 196.97 Gold Ag 47 107.87 Silver Cu 29 63.546 Copper Hg 80 200.59 Mercury Cd 48 Cadmium 112.41 Zn 30 65.39 Zinc Rg 111 Roentgenium (280) Uub 112 Ununbium Tl 81 Thallium 204.38 In 49 Indium 114.82 Ga 31 Gallium 69.723 Pb 82 207.2 Lead Sn 50 118.71 Tin Ge 32 Germanium 72.61 Uut 113 Ununpium Uuq 114 Ununquaium Bi 83 Bismuth 209.98 Sb 51 Antimony 121.76 As 33 74.922 Arsenic Al 13 Aluminium 26.962 Si 14 28.086 Silicon P 15 Phosphorus 30.974 B 5 10.811 Boron C 6 12.011 Carbon N 7 Nitrogen 14.007 Po 84 Polonium (209) Te 52 Tellurium 127.60 Se 34 Selenium 78.96 At 85 (210) Astatine I 53 126.90 Iodine Br 35 79.904 Bromine Rn 86 (222) Radon Xe 54 131.29 Xenon Kr 36 Krypton 83.80 S 16 Sulfur 32.065 Cl 17 35.453 Chlorine Ar 18 39.948 Argon O 8 Oxygen 15.999 F 9 18.998 Florine Ne 10 20.190 Neon He 2 4.0026 Helium Ce 58 Cerium 140.12 Th 90 Thorium 232.04 Pr 59 Praseodymium 140.91 Nd 60 Neodymium 144.24 Pa 91 Protactinium 231.04 U 92 Uranium 238.03 Pm 61 Promethium (145) Sm 62 Samarium 150.36 Np 93 Neptunium (237) Pu 94 Plutonium (244) Eu 63 Europium 151.96 Gd 64 Gadolinium 157.25 Am 95 Americium (243 Cm 96 Curium (247) Tb 65 Terbium 158.93 Dy 66 Dysprosium 162.50 Bk 97 Berkelium Cf 98 Califorium (251) Ho 67 164.93 Holmium Er 68 167.26 Erbium Es 99 Einsteinium (252) Fm 100 Fermium (257) Tm 69 168.93 Thulium Md 101 Mendelevium (258) Yb 70 Ytterbium 173.04 Lu 71 Lutetium 174.97 No 102 Nobelium (259) Lr 103 Lawrencium Periodic Table of Elements La 57 Lanthanum 138.91 Ac 89 Actinium (227) 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 8A 18

Periodic Table of Elements
Family Group Background Colors Alkali Carbon Group Noble Gas Alkalne Earth Nitrogen Group Lanthanium Transition Metals Oxygen Group Actinium Boron Group Halogens 1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 37 Rb Rubi8dium 85.468 19 K Potassium 39.098 11 Na Sodium 22.990 3 Li Lithium 6.941 56 Ba Barium 137.33 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 23 V Vanadium 50.942 74 W Tungsten 183.84 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 43 Tc Technetium (98) 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 76 Os Osmium 190.23 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 26 Fe Iron 55.845 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 109 Mt Meltnerium 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 79 Au Gold 196.97 47 Ag Silver 107.87 29 Cu Copper 63.546 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 49 In Indium 114.82 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 82 Pb Lead 207.2 50 Sn Tin 118.71 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 113 Uut Ununpium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 33 As Arsenic 74.922 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 84 Po Polonium (209) 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 34 Se Selenium 78.96 85 At Astatine (210) 53 I Iodine 126.90 35 Br Bromine 79.904 86 Rn Radon (222) 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 He Helium 4.0026 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 90 Th Thorium 232.04 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 97 Bk Berkelium 98 Cf Califorium (251) 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium Periodic Table of Elements 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 89 Ac Actinium (227) 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 8A 18

Can I have 3 volunteers to draw members of the first group?
Hydrogen Lithium Sodium

Can I have 3 volunteers to draw members of the second group?
Beryllium Magnesium Calcium

Can I have 3 volunteers to draw members of the third group?
Boron Aluminum Gallium

The elements that ended up falling into groups, the vertical columns ended up having something else in common. Can you spot the trends? In your notes draw the planetary models of 3 atoms in a group.

Homework What if the elements on the periodic table were placed randomly into rows and columns. Explain why is it helpful to have the elements organized into periods and groups on periodic table? What info can you get from the row and group that an element is in? Select any three elements from group 6A and draw their planetary models using the information that you learned today.

1 1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 37 Rb Rubidium 19 K Potassium 39.098 11 Na Sodium 22.990 3 Li Lithium 6.941 56 Ba Barium 137.33 38 Sr Strontium 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 23 V Vanadium 50.942 74 W Tungsten 183.84 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 43 Tc Technetium (98) 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 76 Os Osmium 190.23 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 26 Fe Iron 55.845 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 109 Mt Meltnerium 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 79 Au Gold 196.97 47 Ag Silver 107.87 29 Cu Copper 63.546 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 49 In Indium 114.82 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 82 Pb Lead 207.2 50 Sn Tin 118.71 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 113 Uup Ununpium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 33 As Arsenic 74.922 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 84 Po Polonium (209) 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 34 Se Selenium 78.96 85 At Astatine (210) 53 I Iodine 126.90 35 Br Bromine 79.904 86 Rn Radon (222) 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 He Helium 4.0026 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 90 Th Thorium 232.04 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 97 Bk Berkelium 98 Cf Califorium (251) 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium Background Metals Metalloids Non-Metals Chemical Symbol Solids Liquids Gas Periodic Table of Elements 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 89 Ac Actinium (227) 3A113 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17

Aim: Why are elements in the groups on the Periodic Table similar?

Why are elements in groups on the Periodic Table similar?
Do Now What does the period number (the horizontal rows) tell you about the atoms on the periodic table. What information does the group number (the vertical columns) tell you about atoms on the periodic table.

YOU'VE GOT YOUR PERIODS. Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right. When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period (Get it? Like PERIODIC TABLE). In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in the same row. All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals. Every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that. The maximum number of electron orbitals for any element is seven.

AND YOUR GROUPS The periodic table has a special name for its columns, too. When a column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group. The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital. Every element in the first column (group one) has one electron in its outer shell. Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer shell. As you keep counting the columns, you'll know how many electrons are in the outer shell. There are some exceptions to the order when you look at the transition elements, but you get the general idea.

Can I have 3 volunteers to draw members of the 1st group?
Hydrogen Lithium Sodium

Can I have 3 volunteers to draw members of the 2nd group?
Beryllium Magnesium Calcium

Can I have 3 volunteers to draw members of the 3rd group?
Boron Aluminium Gallium

Can I have 3 volunteers to draw members of the 4th group?
Carbon Silicon Germanium

Valence Electrons Group Reactivity Shared Properties

So what have you noticed about the atoms? In what way are the atoms within a group similar? They have the same amount of valence electrons.

1 Periodic Table of Elements 1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 2 He Helium 4.0026 1 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 2 Family Group Background Colors Alkali Carbon Group Noble Gas Alkalne Earth Nitrogen Group Lanthanium Transition Metals Oxygen Group Actinium Boron Group Halogens 3 Li Lithium 6.941 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 11 Na Sodium 22.990 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 K Potassium 39.098 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 23 V Vanadium 50.942 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 26 Fe Iron 55.845 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 29 Cu Copper 63.546 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 33 As Arsenic 74.922 34 Se Selenium 78.96 35 Br Bromine 79.904 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 4 37 Rb Rubidium 85.457 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 43 Tc Technetium (98) 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 47 Ag Silver 107.87 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 49 In Indium 114.82 50 Sn Tin 118.71 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 53 I Iodine 126.90 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 5 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 56 Ba Barium 137.33 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 74 W Tungsten 183.84 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 76 Os Osmium 190.23 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 79 Au Gold 196.97 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 82 Pb Lead 207.2 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 84 Po Polonium (209) 85 At Astatine (210) 86 Rn Radon (222) 6 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 89 Ac Actinium (227) 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 109 Mt Meltnerium (266) 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 113 Uut Ununpium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 115 Uup Ununpentium 116 Uuh Ununhexium 7 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 90 Th Thorium 232.04 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 97 Bk Berkelium (247) 98 Cf Califorium (251) 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium (262)

1 Periodic Table of Elements 1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 2 He Helium 4.0026 1 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 2 Family Group Background Colors Alkali Carbon Group Noble Gas Alkalne Earth Nitrogen Group Lanthanium Transition Metals Oxygen Group Actinium Boron Group Halogens 3 Li Lithium 6.941 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 11 Na Sodium 22.990 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 K Potassium 39.098 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 23 V Vanadium 50.942 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 26 Fe Iron 55.845 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 29 Cu Copper 63.546 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 33 As Arsenic 74.922 34 Se Selenium 78.96 35 Br Bromine 79.904 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 4 37 Rb Rubidium 85.457 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 43 Tc Technetium (98) 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 47 Ag Silver 107.87 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 49 In Indium 114.82 50 Sn Tin 118.71 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 53 I Iodine 126.90 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 5 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 56 Ba Barium 137.33 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 74 W Tungsten 183.84 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 76 Os Osmium 190.23 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 79 Au Gold 196.97 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 82 Pb Lead 207.2 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 84 Po Polonium (209) 85 At Astatine (210) 86 Rn Radon (222) 6 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 89 Ac Actinium (227) 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 109 Mt Meltnerium (266) 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 113 Uut Ununpium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 7 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 90 Th Thorium 232.04 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 97 Bk Berkelium (247) 98 Cf Califorium (251) 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium (262)

1 1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 37 Rb Rubidium 85.467 19 K Potassium 39.098 11 Na Sodium 22.990 3 Li Lithium 6.941 56 Ba Barium 137.33 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 23 V Vanadium 50.942 74 W Tungsten 183.84 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 43 Tc Technetium (98) 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 76 Os Osmium 190.23 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 26 Fe Iron 55.845 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 109 Mt Meltnerium 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 79 Au Gold 196.97 47 Ag Silver 107.87 29 Cu Copper 63.546 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 49 In Indium 114.82 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 82 Pb Lead 207.2 50 Sn Tin 118.71 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 113 Uut Ununtrium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 33 As Arsenic 74.922 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 84 Po Polonium (209) 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 34 Se Selenium 78.96 85 At Astatine (210) 53 I Iodine 126.90 35 Br Bromine 79.904 86 Rn Radon (222) 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 He Helium 4.0026 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 90 Th Thorium 232.04 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 97 Bk Berkelium 98 Cf Califorium (251) 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium Background Metals Metalloids Non-Metals Chemical Symbol Solids Liquids Gas Periodic Table of Elements 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 89 Ac Actinium (227) 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 115 Uup Ununpentium 116 Uuh Ununhexium

1 Periodic Table of Elements 1 H Hydrogen 1.0070 2 He Helium 4.0026 1 3A 13 4A 14 5A 15 6A 16 7A 17 2 Background Metals Metalloids Non-Metals Chemical Symbol Solids Liquids Gas 3 Li Lithium 6.941 4 Be Beryllium 9.0122 5 B Boron 10.811 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.007 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Florine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.190 2 11 Na Sodium 22.990 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 13 Al Aluminium 26.962 14 Si Silicon 28.086 15 P Phosphorus 30.974 16 S Sulfur 32.065 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 K Potassium 39.098 20 Ca Calcium 40.078 21 Sc Scandium 44.966 22 Ti Titanium 47.867 23 V Vanadium 50.942 24 Cr Chromium 51.996 25 Mn Manganese 54.938 26 Fe Iron 55.845 27 Co Colbolt 58.933 28 Ni Nickle 58.693 29 Cu Copper 63.546 30 Zn Zinc 65.39 31 Ga Gallium 69.723 32 Ge Germanium 72.61 33 As Arsenic 74.922 34 Se Selenium 78.96 35 Br Bromine 79.904 36 Kr Krypton 83.80 4 37 Rb Rubidium 85.467 38 Sr Strontium 87.62 39 Y Yttrium 88.906 40 Zr Zircon 91.224 41 Nb Niobium 92.906 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.94 43 Tc Technetium (98) 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 46 Pd Palladium 106.42 47 Ag Silver 107.87 48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 49 In Indium 114.82 50 Sn Tin 118.71 51 Sb Antimony 121.76 52 Te Tellurium 127.60 53 I Iodine 126.90 54 Xe Xenon 131.29 5 55 Cs Cesium 132.91 56 Ba Barium 137.33 57 La Lanthanum 138.91 72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 74 W Tungsten 183.84 75 Re Rhenium 186.21 76 Os Osmium 190.23 77 Ir Iridium 192.22 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 79 Au Gold 196.97 80 Hg Mercury 200.59 81 Tl Thallium 204.38 82 Pb Lead 207.2 83 Bi Bismuth 209.98 84 Po Polonium (209) 85 At Astatine (210) 86 Rn Radon (222) 6 87 Fr Francium (223) 88 Ra Radium (226) 89 Ac Actinium (227) 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261) 105 Db Dubnium (262) 106 Sg Seaborgium (266) 107 Bh Bohrium (264) 108 Hs Hassium (265) 109 Mt Meltnerium (266) 110 Ds Darmstadtium (272) 111 Rg Roentgenium (280) 112 Uub Ununbium 113 Uut Ununpium 114 Uuq Ununquaium 115 Uup Ununpentium 116 Uuh Ununhexium 7 58 Ce Cerium 140.12 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 61 Pm Promethium (145) 62 Sm Samarium 150.36 63 Eu Europium 151.96 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 65 Tb Terbium 158.93 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.50 67 Ho Holmium 164.93 68 Er Erbium 167.26 69 Tm Thulium 168.93 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.04 71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 90 Th Thorium 232.04 91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 92 U Uranium 238.03 93 Np Neptunium (237) 94 Pu Plutonium (244) 95 Am Americium (243 96 Cm Curium (247) 97 Bk Berkelium (247) 98 Cf Califorium (251) 99 Es Einsteinium (252) 100 Fm Fermium (257) 101 Md Mendelevium (258) 102 No Nobelium (259) 103 Lr Lawrencium (262)

Group 1 Elements The Alkali Metal Group H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr
Electrons in outer energy level: 1 Reactivity: They are very reactive. They like to give away their outer electron. This gives the atom a full octet. Shared Properties: Alkali metals, excluding Hydrogen, are soft and silvery in color. H Li Na K H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Rb Cs Fr

Group 2 Elements The Alkaline Earth Group Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra
Electrons in outer energy level: 2 Reactivity: They are very reactive but less reactive than alkali metal. Shared Properties: Silvery White in color. Harder and More dense than Group 1 elements. Be Mg Ca Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra Sr Ba Ra

Group 3-12 Elements The Transition Metals Group
Electrons in outer energy level: 1 or 2. Reactivity: Less reactive than alkaline earth. Stable reacts slowly or not at all with air. More Reactive then Boron Group Shared Properties: All are Shiny and silver in color, high melting points . There are some exceptions to this rule. Gold and Copper both have a yellow to orange color and Mercury is a liquid. Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub

Lanthanides and Actinides
These elements are basically members of the Transition Metals Electrons in outer level: 1 or 2 Reactivity: Lanthanides a.k.a. Rear Earth Elements are reactive. Actinides are radioactive and fall apart over time. Shared Properties: Soft and Malleable They are Shiny metals like all other Transitions metals. The Actinides after U are artificial or man made Ce Th Pr Nd Pa U Pm Sm Np Pu Eu Gd Am Cm Tb Dy Bk Cf Ho Er Es Fm Tm Md Yb Lu No Lr

Group 3A / 13 Elements B Al Ga In Tl Uut The Boron Group
Electrons in outer energy level: 3 Reactivity: Less reactive than Transition metals. Shared Properties: Solids at room temperature B Al Ga B Al Ga In Tl Uut In Tl Uut

Group 4A /14 Elements C Si Ge Sn Pb Uuq The Carbon Group
Electrons in outer energy level: 4 Reactivity: Varies among the elements Shared Properties: Solid at room temperature C Si Ge C Si Ge Sn Pb Uuq Pb Sn Uuq

Group 5A /15 Elements N P As Sb Bi Uup The Nitrogen Group
Electrons in outer energy level: 5 Reactivity: Varies among the elements Shared Properties: Solids at room temperature (except for Nitrogen) N P As N P As Sb Bi Uup Sb Bi Uup

Group 6A /16 Elements O S Se Te Po Uuh The Oxygen Group
Electrons in outer energy level: 6 Reactivity: Reactive Shared Properties: Solid at room temp (except for Oxygen) O S Se O S Se Te Po Uuh Te Po Uuh

Group 7A /17 Elements F Cl Br I At Uus The Halogens Group
Electrons in outer energy level: 7 Reactivity: They are very reactive, often stripping other atoms of electrons Shared Properties: Reacts with Alkali metals to form salts. Never found uncombined in nature. F Cl Br Cl Br F I At Uus I At Uus

Group 8A /18 Elements He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Uuo The Noble Gases Group
Electrons in outer energy level: 8 (Complete Octet) Reactivity: Completely unreactive Shared Properties: Colorless odorless gases at room temperature. Do not bond with other elements. He Ne Ar Kr Ar Kr Ne He Xe Rn Uuo Xe Rn Uuo

Hydrogen H Hydrogen with it’s 1 outer shell electron is unique. Although it has been placed in the alkali metal group, it also behaves as if it is a halogen group member. Depending on what hydrogen is bonding to it can give up its one electron (become a + ion) just like a Alkali Metal, or It can gain an electron like a Halogen and become a – ion. Because hydrogen behaves like it belongs in more than one group, scientist have sought to revise the Periodic Table.

Valence Electrons: The electrons found in the outer energy level of an atom.
Back to slide 10

Aim: How do chemical bonds form?
Chemical Bonding Aim: How do chemical bonds form?

How do chemical bonds form?
Do Now: Jeopardy. What is the correct question for each of the following answers. Valence electrons are these. An atom of this group have a full set of valence electrons Atoms of this group have one valence electron. Atoms of this group tends to gain one electron when it combines with another atom. An atom of this group tends to have two electrons in the outer shell.

Hydrogen Boron Sodium Carbon Nitrogen Argon Name _________________
Draw the correct number of electrons in each orbital for each of the following atoms, include the number of protons and neutrons PN PN PN Hydrogen Boron Sodium PN PN PN Carbon Nitrogen Argon

Hydrogen Boron Sodium Carbon Nitrogen Argon Name _________________
Draw the correct number of electrons in each orbital for each of the following atoms, include the number of protons and neutrons Hydrogen Boron Sodium Carbon Nitrogen Argon

Helium Neon Chlorine Potassium (K) Krypton (Kr) Calcium
Name _________________ Draw the correct number of electrons in each orbital for each of the following atoms, include the number of protons and neutrons PN PN PN Helium Neon Chlorine PN PN PN Potassium (K) Krypton (Kr) Calcium

Helium Neon Chlorine Potassium (K) Krypton (Kr) Calcium
Name _________________ Draw the correct number of electrons in each orbital for each of the following atoms, include the number of protons and neutrons Helium Neon Chlorine Potassium (K) Krypton (Kr) Calcium

SIlicon Boron Sodium Carbon Nitrogen Argon Name _________________
Draw the correct number of electrons in each orbital for each of the following atoms, include the number of protons and neutrons PN PN PN SIlicon Boron Sodium PN PN PN Carbon Nitrogen Argon

Aluminum Beryllium Sulfur Lithium Oxygen Phosphorus
Name _________________ Draw the correct number of electrons in each orbital for each of the following atoms, include the number of protons and neutrons PN PN PN Aluminum Beryllium Sulfur PN PN PN Lithium Oxygen Phosphorus

What is a full octet? The “Oct” in Octet means 8.
Having a full octet means having 8 electrons in the outer energy level. The most stable or “happy” atoms are the atoms that have their outer energy level filled with electrons. I am Happy I have a full octet. Back

What is an octet? Atoms that don’t have a full octet are not happy.
In order to become happy or stable atoms they will try to fill up their outer energy level. I am not happy. I have 2 too many electrons I am not happy. I need 2 more electrons to have a full octet

How Do Chemical Bonds Form?
Atoms that don’t have a full octet will try to fill up their outer energy level by gaining, losing or sharing electrons with other atoms. When atoms share lose or gain electrons a bond forms between them.

Chemical Bonding: The joining of atoms to form new substances, with properties different from original substances.

How Atoms form Bonds? Cl Na I need one more electron to make me happy
I have one too many electrons. I am not Happy Cl Na

How Atoms form Bonds? If I take Na’s extra electron. I can be happy
If I give Cl my extra electron, I can be happy Na Cl

How Atoms form Bonds? Na+ Cl- Sodium Ion Chlorine Ion
Now the positively charged Sodium ion and negatively charged Chlorine ion have their full octet. These ions are now attracted to each other in what will form an ionic bond.

Homework Why would an atom want to form a bond with another atom?
When atoms form bonds what happens to the electrons Look for 5 chemicals in your house use the internet to find what elements make them up.

Bonds: The interaction that holds atoms or ions together. There are 2 main types of bonds Ionic Bonds: A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, this results in a positive ion and a negative ion. Covalent Bonds: A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Aim: How are Ionic Bonds formed?
Chemical Bonding Aim: How are Ionic Bonds formed?

How are Ionic Bonds formed?
Do Now: Determine how many valence electrons each of these atoms contain. Mg Magnesium O Oxygen Si Silicon

How are ionic and covalent bonds different?
I need one more electron to make me happy I have one too many electrons. I am not Happy Cl Na

If I take Na’s extra electron. I can be happy If I give Cl my extra electron, I can be happy Na Cl

Na+ Sodium Ion Cl- Chlorine Ion Now the positively charged Sodium ion and negatively charged Chlorine ion have their full octet. These ions are now attracted to each other in what will form an ionic bond.

Ion: an atom that has lost or gained an electron and has a negative or positive charge

Now we are both happy Now we are both happy NaCl

I only want 1 electron to make me happy
I need to give away 2 electrons to make me happy. Cl Mg Cl

Ionic Bonds Cl- Mg2+ Cl- MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride

Ionic Bonds Ionic Bonds occur when positively and negatively charged ions become attracted to each other. While ionic bonds are strong, they can easily be separated by other positively or negatively charged ions.

How many electrons do the hydrogen atoms need to fill their outer energy level?
How many electrons does the oxygen atom need to fill its outer energy level? H Hydrogen O Oxygen H Hydrogen

Covalent Bonds H2O In Covalent bonds atoms share electrons rather than taking or loosing electrons. In this water molecule, each hydrogen atom shares its one electron with the oxygen atom, giving oxygen its 8 and the hydrogen its 2 electrons.

Covalent Bonds H H C CH4 H H

In the resulting molecule all of the atoms have full outer orbitals
Covalent Bonds CH4 Methane Gas This molecule of Methane (CH4) is made by Carbon (C) sharing its 4 Valence electrons with 4 Hydrogen (H) atoms. In the resulting molecule all of the atoms have full outer orbitals

The Periodic Table of Elements

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "The Periodic Table of Elements"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

The Periodic Table of Elements

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "The Periodic Table of Elements"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback