1. Water-borne Diseases By Yenisel Cruz

2. Diseases Related to Water
Water-borne Diseases
Water-based Diseases
Water-washed Diseases
Water-related Diseases

3. Water-borne Diseases
Diseases caused by ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement, which contain pathogenic microorganisms
Transmission occurs by drinking contaminated water, particularly contamination by pathogens transmitted from human excreta. These include most of the enteric and diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria and viruses worldwide.

4. Include cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary dysentery and other diarrheal diseases

5. Diarrheal Diseases Giardiasis (Protozoan) Cryptosporidiosis (Bacteria)
Campylobacteriosis (Bacteria)
Shigellosis (Bacteria)
Viral Gastroenteritis (Virus)
Cyclosporiasis (Parasite)
Stomach flu viruses
Cryptosporidiosis-Milkawakee outbreak, the largest recorded waterborne outbreak in US history, affecting 25% of city’s population 1993
Campylobacter is the most common diarrheal illness in the US.

6. In addition, water-borne disease can be caused by the pollution of water with chemicals that have an adverse effect on health
Fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, or defoliant while treating farmland or spraying fruit trees

7. Arsenic
Flouride
Nitrates from fertilizers
Carcinogenic pesticides (DDT)
Lead (from pipes)
Heavy Metals

8. Water-washed Diseases
Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye contact with contaminated water

9. These include scabies, trachoma, typhus, and other flea, lice and tick-borne diseases.

10. Water-based Diseases
Diseases caused by parasites found in intermediate organisms living in contaminated water

11. Includes Schistosomiasis and Dracunculiasis
Snail (from egg to larvae to cervicariae) and crustacean

12. Water-related Diseases
Water-related diseases are caused by insect vectors, especially mosquitoes, that breed or feed near contaminated water.

13. They are not typically associated with lack of access to clean drinking water or sanitation services
Include dengue, filariasis, malaria, onchocerciasis, trypanosomiasis and yellow fever

14. Other Water-borne diseases
Bathing
Swimming
Other recreational activities that have water contact
Agriculture
Aquaculture

15. The Problem ~80% of infectious diseases
> 5 million people die each year
> 2 million die from water-related diarrhea alone
Most of those dying are small children
>5 million die by unsafe drinking water, lack of sanitation, and insufficient water for hygiene.
At any given time, almost half of the people in developing countries suffer from water-related diseases.
Collectively, they are more lethal than AIDS, according to WHO.

16. Other Consequences Lost work days Missed educational opportunities
Official and unofficial healthcare costs
Draining of family resources

17. Water Quality & Child Survival

20. Control & Prevention

21. Global
Governments
Communities
Individuals

22. Education Issues Hygiene education Good nutrition
Improvements in habitation and general sanitation
Higher education training in water-related issues

23. Global Surveillance Public health infrastucture
Standardized surveillance of water-borne disease outbreaks
Guidelines must be established for investigating and reporting water-borne diseases

24. Communication and the Media
Impacts at all levels
Very powerful, when others fail

25. General Guidelines
Avoid contacting soil that may be contaminated with human feces.
Do not defecate outdoors.
Dispose of diapers properly.

26. Wash hands with soap and water before handling food.
When traveling to countries where sanitation and hygiene are poor, avoid water or food that may be contaminated.
Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating.

27. "Boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it"
A Simple Rule of Thumb
"Boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it"

28. The Future
Even if by the year 2015 the proportion of people who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water is halved, between 34 and 76 million people, mostly children, will die from preventable water-borne diseases
Millennium goal set by the United Nations in 2000

29. The blue lines show if the millennium goal is met
The red if the millennium goal is not met

30. More Challenges Developed countries and chlorine-resistant microbes
Climate Changes
Economic barriers for developing countries to sanitize large amounts of water

31. The Answer Unmet human needs for water Education
Commitment to the elimination of specific diseases
Research
Education on hygiene,sanitation, and water quality should be expanded worldwide.

32. Climate Change Water scarcity compromises hygiene
Reduced water pressure increases risk of back siphoning of contaminated water
Floods causing breaching of barriers between sewage and water systems
A pipe or tube fashioned or deployed in an inverted U shape and filled until atmospheric pressure is sufficient to force a liquid from a reservoir in one end of the tube over a barrier higher than the reservoir and out the other end.

33. Warming/cooling changes distribution of pathogens and vectors
Increased UV exposure resulting in increased susceptability to disease
Increased mutation rates with unpredictable effects on ecosystems (pathogen development)