1. The Aftermath of WW2

2. 1. The End of Isolationism
After Pearl Harbor --> Americans less isolated 
FDR moved toward world organizations 
Goal: stronger economic and diplomatic ties = NO MORE WORLD WARS!!!
1944: World Bank -> provide loans & help countries recover from war
International Monetary Fund -> stabilize world's monetary system
General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs -> lower tariffs and eliminate barriers to trade

3. The End of Isolationism
1945: The United Nations
International organization founded to further causes of peace, prosperity, and human rights
Replace League of Nations 
FDR had support from public and republicans 
Based on Four Freedoms
1. Speech and expression
2. Freedom from want
Freedom of worship
Freedom from fear

4. 2. Problems in the Middle East
1947: Crisis in Palestine
Jews moved into region
Arabs in region rejected this
Violent clashes
UN divided Palestine into Arab and Jewish territories
1948: Jews claim state of Israel

5. War Crimes Trials Remember Treaty of Versailles?
Allies were not going to make the same mistake again
Japan and Germany had to:
Pay reparations (not $$ but machinery, raw materials)
Give back land taken
Disarm
Punish leaders – not the people

6. War Crimes Trials
· In 1945 and 1946, as a result of the Nuremberg Trials, 12 Nazi leaders were sentenced to death for their war crimes.
Goering, Hess, von Ribbentrop, and Keitel in front row

7. · Thousands of other Nazis were found guilty of war crimes and were imprisoned, and in some cases, executed.
A war crimes investigation photo of the disfigured leg of a survivor from Ravensbrueck, Polish political prisoner Helena Hegier (Rafalska), who was subjected to medical experiments in This photograph was entered as evidence for the prosecution at the Medical Trial in Nuremberg. The disfiguring scars resulted from incisions made by medical personnel that were purposely infected with bacteria, dirt, and slivers of glass.

8. Prosecution Points In the End
Goering bore responsibility for the elimination of Jews from political life and for the destruction and takeover of Jewish businesses and property. He was quoted as saying, "I wish you had killed 200 Jews and not destroyed such valuable property.”
In the End
Goering committed suicide on the day before his scheduled hanging by taking a cyanide pill that was smuggled into his cell. Goering wrote in his suicide note, “I would have no objection to getting shot,” but he thought hanging was inappropriate for a man of his position.
Hermann Goering, Reichsmarschall and Luftwaffe (Air Force) Chief; President of Reichstag; Director of "Four Year Plan"

9. Prosecution Points
Hess was “the engineer tending to the Party machinery.”  He signed decrees persecuting Jews and was a willing participant in aggression against Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.
In the End
Hess was sentenced to life in prison.  He remained--lost in his own mental fog-- in Spandau prison (for many years as its only prisoner) until he committed suicide in 1987 at age 93.
Rudolph Hess, Deputy to the Fuhrer and Nazi Party Leader

10. · The Allies also tried and executed Japanese leaders accused of war crimes.
One of the earlier images of the war to come out from China, this photo appeared in LIFE magazine. (Nanking, China, 1937)

11. Hsuchow, China, 1938. A ditch full of the bodies of Chinese civilians, killed by Japanese soldiers.

12. Aitape, New Guinea, An Australian soldier, Sgt Leonard Siffleet, about to be beheaded with a katana sword. Many Allied prisoners of war were summarily executed by Japanese forces during the Pacific War.

13. Two Japanese officers, competing to see who could kill (with a sword) one hundred people first. The bold headline reads, "'Incredible Record' (in the Contest To Cut Down 100 People—Mukai 106 – 105 Noda)

14. Rebuilding Germany and Japan
Divided into 4 parts- each governed by different Allied power (this will not end well)
Focus: make sure Germany could not remilitarize
Japan:
Dissolve military
General MacArthur in charge
Japanese government in place
New constitution  equality, democracy, “renounce war”
Promote economic growth
1951: full sovereignty

15. Adjusting on the Homefront
What happened to the economy after WW1?
FDR to the soldiers in 1942:
“When you come home, we do not propose to involve you, as last time, in a domestic economic mess of our own making.”
The GI Bill
$$$ to help GI’s adjust to civilian life  buy a home, go to college, unemployment benefits, loans for business
Middle class grew

16. Impact on African Americans
African Americans eligible for GI Bill
Much segregation and discrimination
Economic improvement for African Americans
Not politically

17. Impact on Women Impact on women GI’s come home  women lose jobs
Some gave up jobs willingly
Some wanted to keep independence

18. Beginning of the Cold War
War time alliance between Soviet Union and US dissolves
Goal of Soviet Union  spread communism
Goal of US  stop the spread of communism
Truman Doctrine (1947): foreign policy of providing economic and military aid to countries trying to resist communism