1. Animal Farm By George Orwell
Background and Important Terms

2. Animal Farm’s Author Author: George Orwell
Orwell was a political writer who wrote about the social ills of the strict class structure of England. He was a socialist, believing in total equality for all citizens.

3. Orwell and Communism
He saw first hand the corruption of communism in Spain when those in power began to take advantage of the citizens.
His hatred of totalitarianism and the abuse he witnessed in the name of communism prompted him to write the Animal Farm.

4. Fable and Allegory
Fable- A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like humans.
Allegory-The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form.
The blindfolded figure with scales is an allegory of justice.

5. Allegory in Novel Farmer Jones = Czar Nicholas II Old Major= Karl Marx
Boxer= Unskilled labor class
Squealer=Russian Newspaper
Mollie= skilled middle class
Moses=Church/Religion
Snowball= Trotsky
Napoleon=Stalin
Dogs=KGB Police
Pilkington=Churchill
Frederick=Hitler
Manor Farm= Soviet Union
Windmill= Industrialization

6. Satire
Satire-A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, sarcasm, derision, or wit.

7. Propaganda
Propaganda-the systematic attempt to spread ideas or beliefs. The information given in propaganda may or may not be accurate.
Facts that support the ideas being promoted will be given accurately. Facts that contradict the ideas being promoted will be withheld or distorted.

8. Stereotypes in Animal Farm
Pigs have a bad name for selfishness and gluttony.
Horses are slow-witted, strong, gentle, and loyal.
Sheep are brainless and behave as a flock, without individual initiative.

9. Animal Farm vs. neighboring humans
Major Conflicts
Animals vs. Mr. Jones
Snowball vs. Napoleon
Common animals vs. pigs
Animal Farm vs. neighboring humans
All are expressions of the underlying tension between the exploited and exploiting classes and between the lofty ideals and harsh realities of socialism

10. The Setting
Manor Farm
First is a capitalistic dictatorship by Mr. Jones.
After the animals revolt it is renamed Animal Farm.
The novel takes place on an imaginary farm in England.
Animal Farm is set in an unspecified time period
Readers can assume that Orwell means the fable to be contemporaneous with the object of its satire, the Russian Revolution,

11. Major Themes in Animal Farm
Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.
The corruption of socialist ideals in the Soviet Union
The societal tendency toward class stratification
The danger of a naïve working class
The abuse of language as instrumental to the abuse of power
Absolute power absolutely corrupts

12. Point of View Third person omniscient
narrator is uninvolved, non-judgemental