1. Music Television Historyx

2. Austerlitz, CH2
Historically, enjoying music=experiencing the performance. Recordings changed this
The broadcast industry pushed for music television, NOT the recording industry (radio)
Recording industry followed in this sense

3. Goodwin, CH2 What is music television?
How and why did MV emerge?
What are the defining properties of MV?
Commodity(ies) and Performance; the MV completes the “package of meaning”
1980s MV had a lasting effect; promos ephemeral

4. Goodwin Cont'd How and why did MV emerge?
1. Digital means of music production changed what performance was (not instruments), lip synch, etc.
2. New attitudes towards marketing and manufacturing image
Increased demand in programming (in general), and cheap programming
Coincided with labels becoming “rights exploiters” instead of commodity producers
The changes in the music industry allowed for the success of the MV
MV is an “extremely complex and unusual cultural artifact, for it seems to both exceed and contain the commodity it advertises.” (Goodwin pg. 47)

5. Early Music Television(s)
Jazz Singer, 1927
Musical numbers in Hollywood golden age films
Animations by Fischinger
“Study No. 8” (1931), “Composition in Blue” (1935)
Soundies, , played on the Panoram “jukebox”; visual archive of African American music of the time
Ad for the recording; also relied on the “flesh”

6. Early Music Television(s) Cont'd
French Scopitones, 1960s
Dancing, kissing, bodies, flesh, and sexual revolution
Rebel Without a Cause, Jailhouse Rock, etc.

7. “Motion Painting No.1” Oskar Fischinger, 1947
Johann Sebastian Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 3, BWV 1048
Animation process took 9 months of filming each brushstroke

8. “Pas de Deux” Norman McLaren, 1968 Part 2 Used visual effects Layering
Neighbours (1952)
Pixilation: humans in stop motion
Oren Lavie “Her Morning Elegance” (2009)
Extreme “Rest In Peace”

9. Promotional Clips “Promos” Largely started in the UK w/ UK bands
Aimed at play in record stores, some theaters, and as some content on music television programs
Created so artists didn't have to travel and perform on TV shows

10. Hard Days Night The Beatles, 1964
Dir. Richard Lester (“godfather” of music video)
Full length film, but opening sequence helped to define the visual grammar of music video
Metric editing
Quick cutting
Hand-held cameras
British Free Cinema
French New Wave

11. “Subterrean Homesick Blues”
1967, Bob Dylan's Don't Look Back
Dir. DA Pennebaker
Use of graphic/text
Disinterested Dylan
“Underground film”
Not clean like promo clips
Google Instant
INXS “Mediate”

12. “Strawberry Fields Forever”
The Beatles,1967
Dir. Peter Goldman
Model for concept video
Film effects
Stop motion animation
Jump-cuts from daytime to night-time
Symbolism
“Penny Lane”

13. “Bohemian Rhapsody” Queen,1975 Dir. Bruce Gowers
First notable “pop promo”
First to actually promote a song
Looked like a MV
Top of the Pops
In camera special effects
Ushered in “MTV Age”
“Killer Queen”(1974)
“Under Pressure” (1981)

14. Other Early Promo Film Clips
The Who “Happy Jack” (1966)
Rolling Stones “We Love You” (1967), Dir. Peter Whitehead
Play on 1895 trials of Oscar Wilde
Pink Floyd “Instellar Overdrive” (1967), Dir. Peter Whitehead
From Tonite Lets All Make Love in London
Rolling Stones One+One (1968), Dir. Jean- Luc Godard
The Velvet Underground & Nico (1966), Dir. Andy Warhol

15. “Whip It” Devo, 1980 Dir. Jerry Casale Self-funded, $15K
Postmodern bricolage
Subversive
Major rotation at MTV

16. “Ashes to Ashes” David Bowie, 1980 Dir. Bowie and David Mallet
At time, most expensive MV made
Solarized color and harsh B&W
Became HUGE MTV video
Most expensive MV at time
“Lazarus” (2016)

17. Elephant Parts Michael Nesmith, 1981 “Rio” (1977) “Cruisin'” (1981)
Of The Monkees
“Rio” (1977)
“Cruisin'” (1981)
Started PopClips
Nickelodeon 1979