1. Time and Sequence
CP English 10

2. Objective
Students will analyze how the author’s structure of a text and manipulation of time create an intended effect.
For today’s objective, I will ____________.

3. Prior Knowledge- PLOT

4. Let’s Review the Elements of Plot
As you watch the clip, you need to outline the plot of the story you are watching based on the traditional plot diagram. Remember, you must have all five parts.
You can choose which video you would like to show to your students. The first video is a little over 4 mins and the second is about 3.5 minutes. Both link you to Youtube
This is a Link to watch Geri’s Game. It is a Pixar Short about a man who is playing chess against himself.
The second is a Pixar short call For the Birds. It is about a group of birds that don’t want another bird to join them on their telephone wire and what results from their actions.

5. Concept Development Authors can manipulate, or change, time.
Authors sequence events, that means put them in order, to develop a story.
Why did the author give us some information first, but not other information?
Why does an author choose to wait, or even omit information?
Ultimately, what is the author’s purpose in doing what he/she does?

6. Concept Development
Flash-back: scene in a movie, play, short story, novel, or narrative poem that interrupts the present action in a story to show events that happened at an earlier time.
Example:
At the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout tells us “When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow...”.
In this example, the use of flash-back is present because it says Jem “was” thirteen, indicating that time has passed and Scout is telling the entire story as a flash-back. The effect of this flash-back is that the reader is being pulled into the story that Scout Finch is going to tell and immediately has suspense and questions how Jem broke his arm. This emotionally enthralls the reader from the very first sentence of the novel to entice him/her to keep reading to discover what has happened in the past.
TPS: How is flash-back used in the previous passage and what is its effect?
Flash-back is used in this passage by _______________. The effect of this flash-back is _________.

7. Concept Development
Flash-forward: scene in a movie, play, short story, novel, or narrative poem that interrupts the present action of the plot to shift into the future.
Example:
At the end of Act IV in Romeo and Juliet, Juliet chooses to drink the potion and appear “dead” in order to reunite with Romeo. Then at the start of Act V, it begins the next morning with the Nurse finding Juliet “dead”.
This example demonstrates the use of flash-forward as we move from the evening of one day to the morning of the next. The effect of this flash-forward is that the audience is able to feel the increased tension building in the tragic love story toward the climactic end of the true deaths of both of the main characters, which is revealed in the opening prologue.
Remember that in her soliloquy Juliet is worried that the Friar has given her poison. At this point, we do not know if she is only sleeping or if she is truly dead.
TPS: How is flash-forward used in the previous passage and what is its effect?
Flash-forward is used in this passage by _______________. The effect of this flash-forward is _________.

8. Concept Development
Foreshadowing: The use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in the plot.
Example:
“Rainsford sprang up and moved quickly to the rail, mystified. He strained his eyes in the direction from which the reports had come, but it was like trying to see through a blanket. He leapt upon the rail and balanced himself there to get greater elevation; his pipe, striking a rope, was knocked from his mouth. He lunged for it; a short, hoarse cry came from his lips as he realized he had reached too far and had lost his balance. The cry was pinched off short as the blood-warm waters of the Caribbean Sea closed over his head” (“The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell 7).
In this passage, we see the use of foreshadowing. The use of foreshadowing can be seen by the use of diction “cry”, “pinched”, and “blood-warm waters”. This use of foreshadowing indicates that there could be violence and danger on the island as Rainsford makes his way to the shore.
TPS: How is foreshadowing used in the previous passage and what is its effect?
Foreshadowing is used in this passage by _______________. The effect of this foreshadowing is _________.

9. Concept Development Pacing: the speed in which a story is told.
Where does the author “spend time”? Why does the author choose to “spend time” there?
Example:
“First a day and then a night and then a day and then a night, then it was day-night-day-night-day. A week, a month, a year, a decade! A.D A.D ! Gone! The Machine roared” (“The Sound of Thunder” by Ray Bradbury 501).
In this example, we see the use of pacing with the shift at the start of the passage. The story centers around the use of a time machine in order to go back in time. The use of the repetition of “day” and “night” with increased pace is used to create a feeling of intensity and tension in the reader as the characters move back in time.
TPS: How is pacing used in the previous passage and what is its effect?
Pacing is used in this passage by _______________. The effect of this pacing is _________.

10. Why is understanding an author’s use of time and sequence of events important?
Authors manipulate time and sequence events in a story in order to control our emotions.
Suspense
Slow down time to emphasize danger
Speed up time to skip over events and increase tension
Do you have another reason?
TPS: Why do authors manipulate time and sequence events in a story?
Authors manipulate time and sequence events in a story because ____________.

11. Skill Development-Steps
Read the text
Identify the time device being used
Analyze the effect of the time device used

12. I Do- Teacher Model
Read paragraphs 2 and 3 from Louise Erdrich’s “The Leap.”
Read the text
Identify the time device being used
The time device being used is foreshadowing because in paragraph 2 the narrator discusses hearing a “crackle, catch a whiff of smoke from the stove downstairs and suddenly the room goes dark…” This foreshadows the house fire that occurs later in the story.
Analyze the effect of the time device used
The effect of the use of foreshadowing is building suspense and fear because the narrator’s ominous mentioning of fire and “stitches burn[ing] beneath my fingers” creates the sense of terror and sudden emotional distress that the narrator feels within the reader as well.
Paragraph 2 foreshadows the house fire
Paragraph 3 also foreshadows the accident with the Flying Avalons (last sentence)
Paragraph 3 pacing?
We can talk about both*** show them that sometimes there is more than one answer

13. Check for Understanding
How did I analyze the effect of the time device in paragraphs 2 and 3 of “The Leap”?
You analyzed the effect of the time device in paragraphs 2 and 3 of “The Leap” by ___________________________________.

14. You Do- Partner Work
Read paragraphs 4 and 5 from Louise Erdrich’s “The Leap.”
Read the text
Identify the time device being used
The time device being used is ___because _____.
Analyze the effect of the time device used
The effect of the use of _______ is ____________ because ________.
Paragraph 4 and 5 begin flashback #1

15. Warm-Up Read paragraph 6 of Erdrich’s “The Leap.”
Read the text
Identify the time device being used
The time device being used is ____because _____.
Analyze the effect of the time device used
The effect of the use of _______ is ____________ because ________.
Read paragraph 6 of Erdrich’s “The Leap.”
*This was supposed to be homework…if you did it, double check your response.
Paragraph 6 foreshadow within flashback #1 of Mr. Avalon’s death

16. Exit Ticket
Choose one additional paragraph from the story to analyze on your own. You need to pick one of the paragraphs from “The Leap” and explain the time device being used, how you know, and what the effect of the time device is.
Identify the time device being used
The time device being used is because _____.
Analyze the effect of the time device used
The effect of the use of _______ is ____________ because ________.

17. You Do- Independent Practice
Read “The Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket”
Interactive Reader p. 4-26
Answer ALL margin questions
Complete the graphic organizer to the right (do on a piece of binder paper)
You will have a formative assessment on this story FRIDAY!
If you do not finish the assignment today, you will need to complete the rest of your independent practice for HOMEWORK and come prepared for your assessment.
Example #1
The device being used is ___ because ____.
The effect of using ____ is ____ because _____.
Example #2
Example #3
Example #4