1. Jefferson and the Revolution of 1800

2. Adams vs. Jefferson II
Jefferson defeats Adams in the POTUS Election of 1800
Republicans win control of both Houses of Congress
Will control the Executive & Legislative Branches
Jefferson calls this the “Revolution of 1800”

3. The Republicans made a mistake
Every Republican elector voted for Jefferson and V.P. candidate Aaron Burr
The election ends in a tie
The House of Reps votes to settle a tie
The election will be decided by the old Federalist controlled House

4. Burr creates a problem
Burr wants to be POTUS and refuses to step aside
The House voted 35 times w/o a winner
Threat of a civil war
Hamilton convinced the Federalist Congressmen to elect Jefferson
Resulted in the 12th Amendment

5. The Midnight Judges
Adams appointed 19 Federalists as newly created Federal Judges
Called the Midnight Judges
Federalists will control the Judicial Branch
Most important was Chief Justice John Marshall

6. Now the Supreme Court Matters
Marshall creates the power of judicial review in the decision of Marbury v. Madison (1803)
the Supreme Court can declare laws or gov. actions to be unconstitutional and thus null & void

7. Jefferson takes Over
Jefferson’s inauguration creates the U.S. tradition of the peaceful transfer of power
“We are all Republicans. We are all Federalists”
James Madison as Secretary of State
Albert Gallatin as Secretary of Treasury
Gallatin had a balanced budget every year and paid off half the national debt

8. Giving Government the Ax
Thomas Jefferson ( )
Acted to reduce the size & power of government
Eliminated all taxes except for the tariff
Killed the Whiskey Tax & Alien & Sedition Acts
Greatly reduced spending
Cut the army & navy in half

9. Democratic Simplicity
Believed the President should act like a “common man”
Wanted to establish “Democratic Simplicity”

10. The Barbary Pirates
U.S. begins to have trouble with the Barbary Pirates
State sponsored pirates in the Mediterranean
Steal the cargo and hold the crews for ransom
Most nations (including the U.S.) bribed them to leave their ships alone
Jefferson refused
Didn’t want to spend the money

11. War with The Barbary Pirates
First Barbary War ( )
1801 Sultan of Tripoli declared war on the U.S.
U.S. Navy and Marines sent to the Mediterranean
Defeated the Pirates in several engagements
Earned respect for the US

12. The marines on the Shores of Tripoli