1. Flat Foot Knock Knees and Bow Legs Among School Children
Ramananda Ningthoujam

2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
To find out the number of students suffering from Pes Planus or Flat Foot Deformities (FFD), Genu Valgum or Knock Knees Deformities (KKD) and Genu Varum or Bow Legs Deformities (BLD).

3. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT
Seven hundred and forty nine (N = 749) school children of 5th grade from Marathi medium and English medium schools were assessed for the following deformities:
Flat Foot (FF)
Bow Legs (BW)
Knock Knees (KK)

4. POSTURE DEFORMITIES
Postural Deformity is the malformation of any component of the body.
The malformation may be the
result of bony distortion or
alteration in the topography of
soft tissues.

5. METHODS
Plumb Line Test (PLT) is used as a reference of alignment for the body when examining BLD and KKD.
Wet Foot Print test (WFPT) is used
for the diagnosis of flat foot (FF).
It is performed by wetting the feet
in colour water and then standing
on a smooth, level surface.

6. METHOD FOR GRADING FLAT FOOT
Harris and Beath (1947) as describe by Rose,Welton
and Marshall (1985) method of grading foot print
was used. The footprints were classified as normal,
high arched or normal (Fig. 1 Above)

7. TOOLS
Tools used:
Plumb : A plumb line is a string suspended overhead with a small weight, or plumb bob, attached at the end near the floor.
Retractable Measuring Tape
Ruler Scale

8. KNOCK KNEES
If there is knocking knees, the knees should rotate slightly inwards until they touch, with the ankles separated

9. BOW LEGS
If there are bow leg, the knees may rotate slightly outwards while the ankles will be close together

10. STRAIGHT LEGS
If there are straight legs the knees will not rotate either way, the ankles and knees will be equal distance apart

11. DEVIATION OF LEGS
Severity of legs
The severity of deviation for bow legs and knock knees was classified as slight, mild and severe

12. STATISTICAL METHOD USED
Descriptive statistic was used for the survey research and the method used for statistical analysis is percentage method. It is as given below.
P ═ n × 100 ⁄ N
P= Percentage
n= Number of Deformities Student
N = Total Student

13. RESULT

14. Postural Deformities Students

15. % for Boys with Deformities
BOYS DEFORMITIES
% for Boys with Deformities

16. % for Girls with Deformities
GIRLS DEFORMITIES
% for Girls with Deformities

17. STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT SHOES

18. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Proper arched shoes should be
used to reduce flat foot deformities
up to some extent.
Mass awareness programs regarding posture were organized in the schools.

19. Prevention: Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious problem resulting in less invasive treatment and more rapid recovery.
Proper information on the
importance of correct gait and
posture is essential to prevent
the deformities in Children

20. Annual medical check up should
cover the postural deformities of
the students.
Health Report: Parents were informed about the condition of their child.

21. CONCLUSION
As per the study, majority of students wearing flat foot soles were found to be suffering from flat foot deformity. Thus, it may be concluded that the chances of suffering from this deformity is higher among those students who wears flat sole shoes.