1. Political Polarization in American Politics
Chapters

2. David Leip’s Atlas of Election
Results Popular vote as of 16 November 2016

3. David Leip’s Atlas of Election Results 2012

5. 2012 County Map – Obama vs. Romney

6. The Economist Magazine

7. The New York Times

8. Size of Lead: New York Times

9. 48D R (After LA Runoff)

10. 193D – 242R After two Run Offs in LA and counting one R ahead (Issa, R-CA)

11. Chapter 10: The Two Key Factors Behind our Polarized Politics
Jeff Stonecash
Chapter 10: The Two Key Factors Behind our Polarized Politics
1. Fundamental Disagreements about what and how government should do.
2. A long-term realignment brought this debate into sharp focus. Namely the movement of Southern Democrats into the Republican Party.

18. Stonecash

19. Francis Lee
Chapter 11: American politics is more competitive than ever, and that is making partisanship worse.
1. The period most similar to the 1980 – Now is the “Gilded Age” 1876 – 1896 – both are periods of close and alternating party majorities, as well as of fierce party conflict.
2. Competition for power, not only ideological polarization, contributes to our confrontational contemporary politics (this is a distinction without a difference).

20. Lee

26. Alan Abramowitz
Chapter 12: How Race and Religion have Polarized American Voters
1. Mass Polarization is largely due to the fact that Democratic and Republican elected officials represent electoral coalitions that differ sharply in their social characteristics and political orientations.
2. The population is increasingly non-White.
3. There are deep differences between religious and non-religious people.

27. Abramowitz

28. Abramowitz

29. Abramowitz

30. Hans Noel
Chapter 13: How ideological activists constructed our polarized parties.
1. Distinguishes “liberal-conservative” conflict with modern day division – First Dimension is best understood as Regulation of the Economy.
2. Second Dimension captures divisions (usually regional) within one or both Political Parties.

33. The 16th Amendment: Allowed Taxes on Income
Ratified 3 February 1913

34. The 17th Amendment: The Popular Election of Senators
Ratified 8 April 1913

35. The 18th Amendment: Banning Intoxicating Liquors
Ratified 16 January 1919

36. The 19th Amendment: The Right of Women to Vote.
Ratified on 26 August 1920

45. Andrew Gelman
Chapter 14: How better educated whites are driving political polarization
1. He is only concerned with Abortion. This limits his analysis considerably.

46. Gelman

47. Gelman

48. Gelman

50. Matthew Levendusky Chapter 15: Are Fox and MSNBC polarizing America?
See Arceneaux and Johnson and Stroud and Curry in American Gridlock

51. Kevin Arceneaux See Arceneaux and Johnson in American Gridlock
Chapter 16: Why you should not blame polarization on partisan news
See Arceneaux and Johnson in American Gridlock

52. Matthew Levendusky and Neil Malhotra
Chapter 17: The media make us think we are more polarized than we really are
1. When asked, people think that Democrats and Republicans are further apart on issues than they actually are.

53. Levendusky-
Malhotra