1. Agenda for 6/1/16 State Assessment Quiz
Unit 8 (LAST UNIT) – Electricity and Magnetism
Electric Charge Notes
HW – Static Electricity Worksheet

2. Unit 8 Electricity – The Shocking Truth About Our Current Unit!
Charges, Currents, and Circuits

3. Electric Charge
Protons have positive electric charge; electrons have negative electric charge.
Atoms become charged by gaining or losing electrons

4. Law of Charges Like charges repel and Unlike charges attract.
Repel: charges are the same
Attract: charges are opposite

6. Law of Charges
If an object has more electrons than protons, it has an overall negative charge.
If an object has more protons than electrons, it has an overall positive charge.

7. Electrons move more easily through conductors, like metals.
Electrons do not move easily through insulators, such as plastic, wood, rubber, and glass.

8. Transferring electric charge by contact:
The process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing
Example: static electricity from your feet rubbing the carpet
Transferring electric charge without contact:
The rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object.

9. Static electricity - is stationary or collects on the surface of an object
Current electricity - is flowing very rapidly through a conductor.
The flow of electricity in current electricity has electrical pressure or voltage.
Electric charges flow from an area of high voltage to an area of low voltage.

10. Static Electricity The electric charge can be: A. Positive
B. Negative _

11. Examples of Static Electricity
A. Combing your hair with a plastic comb - electrons move from comb to hair. B. Scuffing carpets with feet.

12. Examples of Static Electricity
C. Touching Doorknob D. Balloon on Wall

13. Examples of Static Electricity
Kick feet under covers of bed.

14. Examples of Static Electricity
Lightning
Van de Graff generator - deposits electrons on the ball. When a person places their hand on the ball and the machine is turned on, electrons are transferred to and collected on the person touching the silver ball.

15. Agenda for 6/6/16 Electric Current Notes Ohm’s Law Triangle worksheet
HW - None

16. Electric Current
Current - The flow of charges (electricity) through a wire or conductor.
Current is measured in amperes (A).
Voltage - rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces electricity.
Charges flow from high voltage to low voltage.
A voltage difference is the push that causes charges to move.
Measured in volts (V).

17. Resistance - a force that tends to oppose motion.
Measured in ohms (Ω).

18. Comparing to water flow
Current - amount of water flow through pipes leading to a faucet.
Voltage - the force or "pressure" causing the water to flow.
Resistance - The larger the pipe and the faucet (less resistance), the more water that comes out! The smaller the pipe and faucet, (more resistance), the less water that comes out!

19. The relationship between voltage difference, current, and resistance in a circuit is known as Ohm’s Law.
Ohm’s Law states that the current in a circuit equals the voltage divided by the resistance.

20. Ohm’s Law Formulas:
I = V R
R = V I
V = IR

21. Agenda for 6/7/16 Circuit Notes Parallel and Series Circuit Worksheet
HW – Circuit Review Worksheet

22. Circuits

23. Circuits All electrical devices use the flow of electrical charges.
Examples of electrical energy:
1) Generators (from power plants)
2) Batteries – Wet Cell and Dry Cell
3) Electromagnetic - Moving a magnet through a coil of wire causes the electrons to flow through the wire.
4) Solar Cells

24. Batteries are composed of a chemical substance which can generate voltage which can be used in a circuit.
The zinc container of the dry cell contains a moist chemical paste surrounding a carbon rod suspended in the middle.

25. Wet cell batteries are most commonly associated with automobile batteries.
A wet cell contains two connected plates made of different metals or metal compounds in a conducting solution.

26. Circuit - a complete path (closed) for electricity to follow.
Electricity flows from negative to positive.

27. Circuits
A circuit contains loads – which are devices that use electricity.
Examples: TV
Radio
Appliances

28. Circuits
Some circuits that carry a large amount of electricity are grounded with a third prong.

29. Types of Circuits:
1) Series Circuit - the current has only one loop to flow through
“One Path” circuit.
The parts of a series circuit are wired one after another, so the amount of current is the same through every part.
Open Circuit—if any part of a series circuit is disconnected, no current flows through the circuit
Brighter light
Example: strings of holiday lights.

30. 2) Parallel Circuit – contains two or more branches for current to move through
Each load has its own path back to the source of electricity.
“Multiple Path” circuit.
Homes and apartments are wired in a parallel circuit.
Individual parts can be turned off without affecting the entire circuit.
If a lamp goes out, other appliances in your home are not affected.

31. Drawing Circuit Diagrams:
Determine if it is a series or parallel circuit
Use symbols of a battery, wire, switch, resistors/light bulbs

32. Common Circuit Symbols

33. What kind of circuit?

34. Agenda for 6/8/16
Go over homework
Magnetism notes
HW – None

35. Magnetism - is the force of attraction or repulsion of a magnetic material due to the arrangement of its atoms, particularly its electrons.

36. Magnets have been known for centuries.
The Chinese and Greeks knew about the “magical” properties of magnets. The ancient Greeks used a stone substance called “magnetite.”
They noticed that chunks of this mineral could attract pieces of iron.

37. The ends of a magnet are where the magnetic effect is the strongest
The ends of a magnet are where the magnetic effect is the strongest. These are called poles.
Each magnet has 2 poles
1 north and1 south.

38. Like repels like
Opposites attract!

39. Poles of a magnet always
come in pairs!

40. If you cut a magnet in half,
you get 2 magnets!

41. The region where the magnetic forces act is called the magnetic field

42. Agenda for 6/10/16 Finish notes
Work on Electricity and Magnetism worksheet
HW – whatever you don’t finish in class

43. Atoms themselves have magnetic properties due to the spin of the atom’s electrons.
Groups of atoms join so that their magnetic fields are all going in the same direction
These areas of atoms are called domains

44. When an unmagnetized substance is placed in a magnetic
field, the substance can become magnetized.
This happens when the spinning electrons line up in the
same direction.

46. An unmagnetized substance looks like
this…

47. While a magnetized substance looks
like this…

48. How to break a magnet:
1. Drop it
Heat it (this causes the domain
to become random again)

49. The Earth is a magnet:
It exerts magnetic forces and is surrounded by a
magnetic field that is strongest near the North and South magnetic poles
Magnetic South Pole
Geographic North Pole
Magnetic North Pole
Geographic South Pole

50. We use the Earth’s magnetic field to find direction.
The needle of a compass always points toward the magnetic south pole.
We call this direction “North” (remember, opposites attract)

51. Agenda for 6/14/16 Go over Study Guide Whiteboard Review
Electricity and Magnetism Test tomorrow
HW - Study

52. Whiteboard review Give 3 examples of static electricity.
Rubbing balloons
Scuffing shoes
Lightning
Van De Graff generator
Touching metal door knob

53. What are the charges for a proton and an electron?
Proton – positive
Electron - negative

54. If an object has more protons than electrons, the overall charge of the object will be
positive

55. If a neutral object gains electrons, the overall charge the object will be
negative

56. Electrons move more easily through ______________ and do not move easily through _________________.
Conductors, insulators

57. Electrical charges flow from an area of __________ voltage to an area of _____ voltage
High to low

58. The flow of charges through a wire or conductor is called what?
Current

59. What are the units for current?
amperes

60. What is the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces electricity? What are the units for it?
Voltage - volts

61. What kind of circuit?
Series

62. What kind of circuit?
Parallel

63. How many loads does this circuit have? What kind of circuit is it?3
Series

64. What kind of circuit is A? B?
A – Series B - Parallel A. B.

65. What poles in a magnet repel each other?
North and North
South and South

66. What is one way to break a magnet?
Drop it
Heat it

68. VOTE
Chemistry vs Physics?