1. Exploring Life & Cells

2. The Development of microscopes
Before microscopes, people did not know that living things were made of cells.
Robert Hooke – mid 1600s – observed and named “cells”
Anton van Leeuwenhoek – late 1600s – Dutch merchant – improved first microscope to 270x magnification
Magnification – how much larger it makes things look
Resolution – how clear the image is

3. Understanding Cells
Cells are so small you need a microscope to see them.
Robert Hooke – English scientist – looked at cork in the microscope.
Reminded him of honeycombs or monk cells.
Cellula – small rooms

4. The Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden – German – plant cells.
Theodor Schwann – German – animal cells
Rudolf Virchow – German doctor – cells come from pre-existing (already there) cells.

5. 1. All living things are made of ≥1 cells.
1. All living things are made of ≥1 cells.
2. Cell is the smallest unit of life.
3. All new cells come from pre-existing cells.
(not spontaneous generation)

6. Cells are made of smaller parts that are joined together.
Basic Cell substances
Cells are made of smaller parts that are joined together.
Macromolecules = small molecules joined together.

7. The Main Ingredient: WATER!
Water ≥ 70% of cell’s volume
Essential for life!
Water surrounds cells, too!
Helps maintain homeostasis – stable internal conditions
Substances (things) must be in liquid to move in and out of cells.

8. Water is polar = has a – side, and a + side
Lets them stick together like magnets!

9. 4 types: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
Macromolecules
4 types: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

10. Nucleaic acids Examples: DNA and RNA Made of: Amino acids
Function: Genetic Information
Instructions for cell growth and reproduction.
DNA  RNA  Proteins

11. Proteins Made of: LONG CHAINS of Amino acids Function: communication,
transport substances
breakdown food
structural support:
Hair, horns, feathers

12. Lipids Does not dissolve in water = FATS!
Function: protective barriers in cells
Example: cell membrane (cell’s skin)
Energy storage
communication

13. carbohydrates ≥1 sugar molecule Function:
Longer ones are called “starch”
Function:
Store energy
Structural support
communication