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Late 19th Century Politics

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Presentation on theme: "Late 19th Century Politics"— Presentation transcript:

1 Late 19th Century Politics

2 “Gilded Age” of Politics
Gilded Age: late 19th c., tremendous wealth, but not very deep Politically: parties are similar: No dividing issues Loyalty to one or the other is based on region, ethnic or cultural ties Evenly controlling states, Congress Republican Pres., but close elections

3 19th Century Issues 1. Civil Service Corruption - Pendleton Act = Civil Service Commission - Jobs now on merit and passing exam 2. Economic swings - Prosperity and Panic - Panic of Gold Standard???? 3. Poor working poor in cities - Conditions/hours/wages

4 19th C. Issues (cont.) Need for currency reform: wild swings b/t prosperity & panic What should back money supply: gold? Or silver? (Farmers & debtors like silver; business & lenders like gold)

5 HOW 19TH C. FARMERS FEEL ABOUT CHANGES
Bewildered: Cities? Machines? Pace of life? Isolated: Rural emptiness Powerless: monopolies, trusts, bankers Misunderstood: “Hicks”, “ignorant”, not as self-reliant as myth holds Politics: What is going on????

6 Farmers are Struggling
Complaints of Farmers: - prices are falling - RRs and other middlemen are charging too much - In debt due to loans - Tariffs on manufactured goods - Drought, insects, lonely lifestyle

7 FALLING PRICES Wheat: Cotton: 1865: $1.50 bu. 1875: $1.00 bu.
1865: bale bale bale

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9 National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (1865)
Decide to organize as workers had - Grange Movement - new agricultural methods - community - cooperative warehouses and methods - politics : “Granger Laws” - control RRs (rates and shipping) Wabash v. Illinois – Granger Laws of Illinois governing RR prices are ruled unconstitutional Congress will later pass the Interstate Commerce Act

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11 Farmers’ Alliances (1870s &1880s)
Grange Movement grows to Farmers’ Alliances - Social meetings - Reform RRs - Make trusts illegal - Unlimited coinage of silver - Cooperatives – stores, banks and warehouses - Attempt to gain political support and candidates - Direct Election of Senators

12 Populist Party New national political party – Pres. Candidate – James Weaver Supports - farmers - coinage of silver - gov’t control of RRs, telegraph, telephone - Political Reform - Initiative, referendum, recall - direct election of Senators - Secret Ballot - Graduated Income tax

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15 Election of 1896 – Currency is the issue!!!!!
Populist and Democrats support William Jennings Bryan - silver currency - farmers + rural areas - small business - low tariff - control monopolies Republicans support William McKinley - gold standard - bankers + big business - urban areas - high tariff

16 The campaign Bryan - very active campaign (only 36 yrs. Old) - Travels 18,000 miles, gives speeches to 5mil!!! - “Cross of Gold” Speech McKinley – “Front Porch Campaign” - stays home and speaks to locals / visitors - Run by Ohio “Boss” Mark Hanna

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18 Results McKinley Wins! - Gold standard stays! - Economy actually improves - Gold in Alaska - European food shortage - Populist Party disappears - Reforms of Populists are picked up by the PROGRESSIVES

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Chapter 6 Section 4.

Chapter 6 Section 4.
The Revolt of the Farmers and the Rise of the Populist Party (1880’s – 1890’s) (1880’s – 1890’s)

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Protest and Reform Growing agricultural problems for the nation’s farmers created the conditions for discontent and political turmoil.

Protest and Reform Growing agricultural problems for the nation’s farmers created the conditions for discontent and political turmoil.
The Gilded Age-Farmer’s Revolt Economic Conditions Problems with the currency Granger Movement Farmer’s Alliances The Omaha Platform of 1892 The Election.

The Gilded Age-Farmer’s Revolt Economic Conditions Problems with the currency Granger Movement Farmer’s Alliances The Omaha Platform of 1892 The Election.
Farmers’ Complaints 1.Overproduction of goods and falling prices. Farmers produced more food than demand. This was the result of the opening of more farm.

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Chapter 19: From Stalemate to Crisis The Farmer’s Revolt.

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Farmer’s Problems -weather problems -falling prices -increasing debt -dependant upon railroads -need for cheaper money deflation and inflation.
The Money Supply During Civil War federal government expanded the money supply by issuing paper money that caused inflation Decline in the value of money.

The Money Supply During Civil War federal government expanded the money supply by issuing paper money that caused inflation Decline in the value of money.
6:4 ● Populism ● Political movement started by farmers ● High tariffs (taxes) and lower prices created economic stress on farmers ● Banks and railroads.

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The Populist Movement Chapter 5, Section 3. Problems Farmers Faced Monetary policies (dealing with the amount of money printed) hurt farmers after 1865.

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Farmer’s Problems -weather problems -falling prices -increasing debt -dependant upon railroads -need for cheaper money deflation and inflation.

Farmer’s Problems -weather problems -falling prices -increasing debt -dependant upon railroads -need for cheaper money deflation and inflation.
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“We the People” Push Back during the Gilded Age. The Granger Movement.
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Populism. Problems facing Farmers- Prices  Prices for the farmers goods fall, but the cost of transportation, livestock, machinery and seed continued.

Populism. Problems facing Farmers- Prices  Prices for the farmers goods fall, but the cost of transportation, livestock, machinery and seed continued.
VI. Farm Movements A. Farmers have always been independent B. Oliver Kelley made first attempt to organize farmers 1. Order of Patrons of Husbandry 1867.

VI. Farm Movements A. Farmers have always been independent B. Oliver Kelley made first attempt to organize farmers 1. Order of Patrons of Husbandry 1867.
Cities and Farmers of the Late 19 th Century 1850-1900S.

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Chapter 13 Section 3 Farmers and the Populist Movement.

Chapter 13 Section 3 Farmers and the Populist Movement.
What were the effects of this movement?. Falling prices Cost of doing business rose More farmers went into debt Railroads charged high rates to farmers.

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