1. ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY
PROF. DR. dr. YANWIRASTI, PA (K)

2. Human Body can be learned by two
scientific dicipline
1. Anatomy ( a cutting open)
The study of internal and external structure of the body and the physical relation ships among body parts
2. Physiology
The scientific dicipline that studies the function of body structure

3. Structure and Function cannot be completely separated example

4. Subdiciplines of Anatomy

6. Several Branches of Anatomy Focus on the Diagnosis :
Pathology Anatomy
Examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease
Radiographic Anatomy
Studies the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures
Surgical Anatomy
Investigates the anatomic landmark used for surgery

7. Structural Organization of the Body

8. Chemical Level Atoms The smallest unit of matter Molecule
Combine two or more atoms such as : a protein, a vitamin

9. Cells Joining of large molecules in specific ways
The basic units of structure and function in organism
Specialiced structural and function unit called organelles permit all living cells to share some common functions
The structure of cells vary widely

10. Tissues
Organization of similar cells that perform specialized function
There are 4 type tissues in human body
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Nervous Tissue

11. Organ
Contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions
For example
The small intestine : has different structural and organizational relationships within its tissues that work together to process and absorb digested nutrients

12. The organ system
Consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function.
There are 11 organs system, each composed of interrelated organs that work together to perform specific functions

17. Organism Homeostasis or internal equilibrium
All body system function interdepently
in single living human being and
maintains
Homeostasis or internal equilibrium
Through the intricate interworkings of
all its organ system

18. Anatomic Position
A specific body position in which an individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor.
The head is level, and the eyes look forward toward the observer
The arms are at either side of the body with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body

20. Anatomic Planes There are three major anatomic planes
- a coronal plane ( a frontal plane)
Divide body into anterior (front)
and posterior (back) parts
- a transverse plane (cross-sectional
plane or horizontal plane)
Divide the body into superior (upper)
and inferior (lower) parts

21. - A Sagittal plane ( median plane)
Divide the body into right and left
halves
- Para sagittal plane
Paralel to mid sagittal

23. Anatomic Directions

27. Movement at synovial joints

33. Human Body Regions

37. Body Cavities

38. Thoracic Cavity
In thoracic cavity, we can find a space : mediastinum which contain :
- Cor (heart)
- Thymus
- Oesophagus
- Trachea
- Major blood vessels that conect to
the heart

41. Abdomino pelvic cavity
Consists of :
- Abdominal Cavity
Contains
> Most of the organ of the
digestive system
> Kidney
> Ureter pars abdominal

42. - The pelvic Cavity
Contains
> The distal part of the large
intestine
> Ureter Pars Pervica
> Vesica Urinaria (the urinary
bladder)
> Urethra
> The internal reproductive ogans

44. Abdomino pelvic regions
Are divided into 9 regions by using 2 transverse planes and two parasagittal planes

46. Abdomino pelvic Quadrants
Are divided into 4 quadrants by 1 transverse plane and 1 sagittal planes

48. Anatomical Landmarks

50. wassalam