1. Welcome to Pyramids, a recap!

2. What do we know about the pyramids of ancient Egypt?

3. Pyramids
The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens. There are many different shapes and sizes of pyramids.
There are about eighty pyramids known today from ancient Egypt. The three largest and best-preserved of these were built at Giza at the beginning of the Old Kingdom.

4. Mastaba
The earliest royal burials in ancient Egypt were pits dug in the ground with mounds built over them. The mound was built roughly in the shape of a pyramid. Some were quite large, though most were smaller.

5. Why did the ancient Egyptians use the pyramid shape?
Egyptologists have many theories about why the tombs of the pharaohs were built in the pyramid shape. Here are three different ideas:
The pyramid represented the first land to appear at the beginning of time - a hill called 'Ben-Ben'.
The pyramid had sloping sides so that the dead pharaoh could symbolically climb to the sky and live forever.
The pyramid represented the rays of the sun.
Bottom line: your guess is as good as theirs!

6. What does the word 'pyramid' mean?
The word 'pyramid' actually comes from the Greek word 'pyramis' which means 'wheat cake'.
The pyramids reminded the Greeks of pointy-topped wheat cakes!
The ancient Egyptian word for the pyramids was 'Mer'.

7. Step Pyramid
In the third dynasty, a pharaoh named Djoser had a large stone pyramid built at Saqqara.
This pyramid has many layers.
It is the oldest stone monument in the world.

9. Bent Pyramid
This famous bent pyramid shows that the ancient Egyptians experimented with slopes of pyramids.
In the middle of construction the builders must have decided that the slope of the building was too steep to continue. Thus, the top half of the pyramid has a different slope.
The slope that was used for the upper section of this pyramid was later used by the builders of the Giza pyramids.

11. The Giza Pyramids
In the fourth dynasty, three large stone pyramids were built at Giza. The design of these pyramids was based on the pyramids that had been built before. These are the largest and sturdiest pyramids that were ever built in ancient Egypt.
The first and largest pyramid was built for the pharaoh Khufu (also known as Cheops).
The second largest pyramid was built for Khufu's son, Khafra. In addition to the usual parts of a pyramid complex, Khafra's pyramid is guarded by a huge sphinx.

12. The Giza Pyramids
Finally, the third largest pyramid was built for the pharaoh Menkaure.
The ancient Egyptians continued to build pyramids for their pharaohs after the Giza pyramids were built. However they were never as big or well-designed as the Giza pyramids.

14. Do we know what the inside of the Great Pyramid looks like?

15. Were pyramids big?

16. What is the Great Sphinx?
The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was carved from a mound of natural rock. It is located in Giza where it guards the front of Khafra's pyramid.
Legends have been told for many years about the Great Sphinx, but nobody knows who the sphinx is for or why it was built.

18. Rock Cut Tombs
In the New Kingdom, pharaohs were buried in rock-cut tombs in the Valley of the Kings. This lonely and hidden place was located in the shadow of a natural mountain shaped like a pyramid.

19. This is the entrance to the tomb of the female pharaoh Hatshepsut in the Valley of the Kings.

20. Did anyone else build pyramids?

21. These are pyramids from the ancient kingdom of Kush, who as Nubia conquered Egypt after the New Kingdom era and imitated Egyptian pyramids in their homeland. More than 200 were eventually built there.

22. I hope you enjoyed the show!