1. The Roots of US-LatAm Relations

2. Four Broad Systems 1790s-1930s: The Imperial Era
The European Game
Regional Hegemony
1940s-1980s: The Cold War
1990s-2001: The Decade of Uncertainty
2001-Present: The War on Terror

3. Key Theme
Each era has been shaped as much, if not more, by the basic conditions of the international system as they have any element inherent to the Western Hemisphere itself.

4. The Imperial Era International System Dominated by Europe
US Wants to Get into the Act
THE CONTEXT
Imperialism
Mercantilism

5. "The European Game" THE RULES OF THE EUROPEAN GAME States as actors
Balance of Power
Colonization
Mercantilism

10. Monroe Doctrine (1823)
“With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.”

11. "The European Game”: The US Gets Into The Act
Manifest Destiny
Security
Portions of Mexico:
1836: Texas independence, 1837, US recognition, annexation.
1846: Mexican-American War and the resultant territorial additions (see 22)
Gadsden Purchase
Attempts at Cuba (pre Civil War)

13. The Rise of US Hegemony

14. "The European Game”: The US Gets Into The Act
The Spanish-American War 1898: Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippine Islands and Cuba fell under the protectorate of the US

16. Source: http://history. howstuffworks

18. The “Olney Doctrine” (1895)
RICHARD OLNEY TO THE BRITISH:
“Today the United States us practically the sovereign on this continent, and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition. Why? It is not because of the pure friendship of good will felt for it. It is not simply by reason of high character as a civilized state, nor because wisdom and justice and equity are the invariable characteristics of the dealings of the United States. It is because, in addition to all other grounds, its infinite resources combined with its isolated position render it master of the situation and practically invulnerable as against any or all other powers.”

20. Cuba Timeline
Ten Years War of independence ends in a truce with Spain promising reforms and greater autonomy - promises that were mostly never met.
Jose Marti leads a second war of independence; US declares war on Spain.

21. Cuba Timeline
US defeats Spain, which gives up all claims to Cuba and cedes it to the US.
Cuba becomes independent with Tomas Estrada Palma as its president; however, the Platt Amendment keeps the island under US protection and gives the US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.

22. SELECTIONS FROM THE PLATT AMENDMENT
Article I. The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes, or otherwise, lodgment in or control over any portion of said island.
Article II. The Government of Cuba shall not assume or contract any public debt to pay the interest upon which, and to make reasonable sinking-fund provision for the ultimate discharge of which, the ordinary revenues of the Island of Cuba, after defraying the current expenses of the Government, shall be inadequate.
Article III. The Government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the Treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the Government of Cuba
Article V. The Government of Cuba will execute, and, as far as necessary, extend the plans already devised, or other plans to be mutually agreed upon, for the sanitation of the cities of the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be prevented, thereby assuring protection to the people and commerce of Cuba, as well as to the commerce of the Southern ports of the United States and the people residing therein....
Article VII. To enable the United States to maintain the independence of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, the Government of Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations, at certain specified points, to be agreed upon with the President of the United States.

23. Another Example: 1891 Chilean Civil War
US ships off the coast
Showing preference for the government
The Baltimore incident.