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Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security Data for transparent land reform: monitoring land governance in Ukraine Denys Nizalov WB IDF Project in Ukraine, KEI at KSE Denis Bashlyk Stategeocadastre, Ukraine Rome October, 5, 2017
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Structure Governance of Land Tenure and Land Reform in Ukraine
Progress with improving transparency: Monitoring of Land Governance Monitoring of agricultural land use (pilot results) Auctions, e-services, error correction, public access to cadastral and registry data
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Ukraine: Governance of Land Tenure for Agricultural Land
Launch of the land reform: (Resolution of the Parliament on № 563-XII) Sales of agricultural land are restricted (Moratorium, 2001) Limit access to finance Restricts agricultural productivity growth Non-sustainable land use Limits wellbeing of rural population Limits budget revenue Shadow economy and corruption Source: Center for Land Reform Policy in Ukraine
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Ukraine: Governance of Land Tenure for Agricultural Land
Private (not restricted) Landowner profile (KIIS, 2015): 6 mn owners; 32 ha of private agricultural land 49% - retirees; only 22% - employed in agriculture; 53% - have enough money for food, but it is difficult to buy clothes; 20% of household income is rental payment; 4 ha - average agricultural land plot State and communal (restricted) 3,7 mln.ha 10,5 mln.ha Ag. producers profile (Statistical Yearbook of Ukraine 2015): Commercial farms: Number: 45,000 (74% of farms cultivate below 100 ha, or 4.5% of total farmland) Average size: ha; Cultivated area:19.9 mn ha (of them 93% rented). Household (subsistence) farms: Number: 4.1 mn Average size: 1.3 ha Cultivated area: 5.5 mn (of them 5% rented). 28,5 mln.ha Private: individual and corporate (restricted)
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Lifting the moratorium
Ukraine: Land reform Lifting the moratorium (comply with VGGT Part 2, pa 3.1.3; 4.8;4,10) Law on land turnover with safeguards Registration and protection of land rights (comply with VGGT Part 2, pa 3.1.1; 3.1.2) Completing registration in Cadaster and Registry Error correction Outstanding problems (permanent use, collective land, etc.) Access to finance Public awareness Transparency and accountability (Part 7, pa 26.2) Monitoring of LG, e-services
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3.9 million requests per year (2016)
Improving Transparency: e-services, error correction, public access to cadastral and registry data 3.9 million requests per year (2016) 432 officers connected (2017) Access to personal data of land owners (more than requests in the first day) Access of the notaries to the State Land Cadastre system 10.9 thousand on-line requests for error correction Online extracts from the cadastre and land evaluation reference request On-line applying for Certificate of Engineer and Land Manager Introducing e-auctions
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Implementing the Block-chain technologies to the State Land Cadastre
Block-chain data is impossible to: І stage – Pilot project Illegally manipulate Change ІІ stage – hashing of SLC data ІІІ stage – hashing of all operations with data Delete Reinsert
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Implementation: Implementation arrangement
LG Monitoring – collection and publication of regionally disaggregated administrative data on the state of land relations. Methodology & implementation: “Capacity Development for Evidence-Based Land & Agricultural Policy Making in Ukraine” Project, KEI at KSE Project Steering Committee ( 6 government authorities; MPs; private sector; international organizations) – coordinate efforts and policy dialogue Monitoring Working Group (technical experts from 8 central government authorities) – data supply, interpret results State GeoCadastre – support for hosting and functioning of automated system (developing capacity)
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Land Governance Monitoring
Cabinet of Ministers Resolution on LG monitoring (23 August, 2017) StateGeoCadastre (SE Center for State Land Cadastre) State Fiscal Service Ministry of Justice (State Registry of Rights) State Court Administration State Statistics State Water Agency Automated Monitoring System
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Implementation: Key LG Monitoring Indicators
Land Reform monitoring (country specific) Coverage: The share of communal, private, and state land registered and mapped (all land use types) The number and prices of registered transactions of different types (sales, mortgages, rental, etc.) Receipts of land and real estate tax revenue Cases of expropriation and privatization The number of land-related conflicts Equity: Share of land and real estate registered and mapped in women’s, men’s name and in joint ownership Base Characteristics (total area, population, etc.)
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Completeness of State Land Cadaster, 2017
Monitoring Results Completeness of State Land Cadaster, 2017 73% of private land is registered in the Cadaster Will update for 2017 90% to 100% 70% to 90% 60% to 70% under 60% more than 100% Map: share of private land registered Data: GeoCadastre
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Monitoring for Policy Decision Making: Land Governance Index
1. Share of land registered in the Land Cadaster (private and state separately); 2. Transactions per 1,000 landowners (separately rental and other: sales, gifts, exchange, inheritance); 3. Land tax declarations per 1,000 of private land owners; 4. Number of land related disputes in court per 10,000 landowners (separately for administrative and civil) Map: Index of Land Governance (1 is the top rank) Information on temporary occupied territory of AR Crimea and the conflict zone of Luhansk and Donetsk regions is not available
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Monitoring for Policy Decision Making:
Benchmarking (example –Bilotserkivskyi rayon) Note: 100 percentile is top
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Remote Sensing and Governance of Land Resources
Sentinel-2A: Swath Width – 100 km Revisit time: 10 days Sentinel-1A: Nominal Scene Size - 250x250 km2 Revisit time - 12 days Landsat-8: Scene Size - 185x180 km2 Revisit time - 16 days
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Crop classification maps
Bila Tserkva district
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Cultivation of unregistered land
Land registered and used as agricultural Agricultural land used for different purposes Cultivation of non registered land
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Correspondence to the designated use (for pilot rayon)
Class Correspond, % Violation classes Agricultural Land 92.10 Developed (7.3 %) Developed land 96.56 Cultivated (1.85%) Forest 49.23 Cultivated (14.75%), Developed (33.61%) Hey land (1.99%) Hey land 21.35 Developed (41.10%), Cultivated (32.58%) Forest (2.62%), Water (2.28%) Water 78.74 Developed (15.36%), Hey land (4.68%)
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Land Reform: Challenges and solutions
Challange Solution Political speculation Information campaign based on monitoring data Quality of legal and normative changes Evidence based policy making Lack of progress Monitoring of implementation Corruption Transparency and accountability based on monitoring Users of monitoring data: Members of Parliament Central government officials Local governments Experts Journalists Civil society groups Investors, agricultural producers Data: KMISS (2015); GFK-Ukraine (2017)
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Thank you for your attention!
Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security Thank you for your attention! Rome October, 5, 2017
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