1. Total Navigation Solution GNSS Implementation
International Air Transport Association
Innovative Solutions International
ISI Proprietary

2. South African Development Community (SADC) GNSS Implementation
Apply Total Navigation Solution in Southern Africa
-- 14 nations – 26 airports
-- Support Airline Operations Throughout Region Through Development of GNSS arrivals, LNAV/VNAV approaches, and departures at Selected Airports
-- Provide Turnkey capability
-- Kenya and Cape Verde were added midway through project
additional airports

3. SADC Project
IATA is the project sponsor coordinating activities through their offices in Montreal
Project developed through
SADC member states (CAAs)
IATA member airlines
ISI is delivering its Total Navigation Solution in partnership with IATA

4. Operational Goals Increase Approach Availability
Decrease Minima where possible
Provide a Stable Arrival/Approach to Terminal Area Operations
Provide Constant Rate of Descent Throughout Arrival and Approach
Minimum Flight Time in Terminal Area
Minimize Impact to ATC
Provide Regulatory Framework to Enable Operations

5. Total Navigation Solution - Philosophy -
Project is divided into “Modules”
Designed as a turnkey GNSS solution
Consistent, reliable, and repeatable process with integrity
Addresses all aspects of implementation; from legislative infrastructure through to flight validation
Flexibility for customization both in how and to what level of end state expertise

6. Total Navigation Solution - Philosophy -
Bring all stakeholders together
Minimize capital outlay by customer, maximize return on investment
Emphasis is placed on the end state operational capability being delivered to each stakeholder
ICAO ANC endorsed the Modules for Global GNSS Implementation

7. Procedure Design Workflow
Initial Data Sources
NIMA DAFIF (Airspace, Aerodrome Data, and current procedures)
NIMA DTED (Terrain data)
NIMA DVOF (obstructions)
Commercial data resources (Airspace, Approaches, obstructions)
Commercially available data (Maps, Charts and obstruction data)
GIS Data Sources (Roads, Topography, Hydrology, transportation, political boundaries)
IATA Airport Obstruction Database (airfield obstructions)
Digital Chart of the World - DCW (terrain)
Project
Geographic
Information
System
database
designed
Design team collects background data
Design team builds sample procedures
Tools
PrecisionWare
Initial Site Visit by ISI team
ATC and user
operational
requirements
gathered with
review and
validation of
sample procedures
GNSS briefings
for CAA officials and
GNSS Procedure Design
Training
Training
Coordination
Mapping/Charting
and Geodetic
data collection with airfield and obstruction surveys
Criteria
PANS-OPS
TERPS
National
Geotranslation tools
Database Management
Geographic Information System
database refined

8. Work Flow (Cont’d) Procedure Ready for Publication Validator
Procedure Design
Process
(Airspace Evaluations, Approach,
Departure, and STAR Design)
SAFETY First !!
Criteria Compliance
Flight Routes
ATC and User Compliance
Database Integrity
Simulator
(Flyability, Data Continuity,
424 Coding Validation,
Aircraft Performance)
Procedure Simulation and Quality Assurance Process
Procedure Validation
Validator
(Flight Check, Obstruction Verification, System Performance, Client Review and Approval)
ICAO Annex 4
Charts
Developed and
Navigation Database
Coding
Procedure Ready for Publication

9. Total Navigation Solution Modules
National/Regional GNSS legislation
WGS-84 surveys
LNAV/VNAV approaches
Safety Analysis (if required)
RNAV SIDs and STARs
FMS coding
RNAV based ATS airspace
Chart development
Flight verification
Specific training to meet needs

10. National GNSS Legislation
Incorporate or reference relevant regulatory materials
Compliance with international standards and recommended practices
A generic legislative framework to cover all required aspects of allowing for the use of GNSS procedures while addressing specific national/regional requirements
Consultation with key regulators and service providers at international (ICAO), regional (JAA) and national (FAA) levels

11. WGS84 Survey Techniques
Primary/secondary airport control points and runway surveys
Surveys with two different techniques
Surveys of obstacles on airport surface
Surveys of obstacles in approach, missed approach, departure areas and radius around airport
Conducted by experienced survey teams with ICAO compliant techniques

12. GNSS/RNAV Approach Procedures
Procedure development using PrecisionWare Designer
Construction of complete procedures from initial segment through missed approach holding waypoints
Precise evaluation of obstacles
Local or NIMA terrain data for airports
PANS-OPS or TERPS compliant

13. GNSS/RNAV Approach Procedures
Step 1
Organize using
A Datum Conversation Tool
PrecisionWarei is a Suite of FOUR Tools that will help Procedure Developers in the SURVEY,
DESIGN,
SIMULATION, and VALIDATION
of GNSS procedures.
Step 4
Step 2
Validate using
Develop using
A Procedure Design Tool
A Flight Check Tool
Step 3
Verify using
An Approach Simulation Tool

14. AMILCAR GPS APPROACH

15. AMILCAR GPS APPROACH

16. Safety Analysis
Some airports will require a statistical safety case to ensure combined error budget will not exceed protection limits, e.g. Cape Town
Safety analysis will provide basis for FAA/CAA approval, if waivers are required

17. GNSS/RNAV SIDS and STARS
SIDs using PANS-OPS criteria for each identified runway and developed to accommodate the broadest range of aircraft
STARs providing a standard routing for aircraft entering busy terminal areas integrated into existing ATC structure as required
Based on optimal criteria as identified in PANS-OPS Doc 8168-OPS/611 Volume II
If required, exceptions or waivers to PANS-OPS criteria can be documented and coordinated with the appropriate authorities

18. FMS Coding Interpretation by various FMCS’s
Ensure that our intent is clear
An extract of the Terminal Area Procedure (SID/STAR and APPROACH) is coded in the form of the waypoint and path and terminator leg types as would be found in the full ARINC 424 database coding compatible with the data requirements of client FMCS

19. ATS Airspace Design Structure
Study of existing airspace structure
Use of existing airspace structure and fixes to the extent possible
Identification of optimal air traffic flow for safety and efficiency
Efficient link between en route and terminal airspace
GNSS provides optimum flexibility for terminal area airspace design

20. ATS Airspace Design Structure

21. Development and Publication of Charts
Procedure verification chart
Data verification
Additional quality assurance review
ICAO Annex 4 and Aeronautical Chart Manual 8697 compliant “camera ready chart”
Internationally accepted format

22. Flight Verification
Validation of survey, approach design, flight suitability
Linked to design tools to provide a seamless electronic transition from Design and Simulation to Validation
Carry-on package, 20cm tracking
Simple user interface
Completion of end-to-end audit trail
Consistent with ICAO and FAA flight inspections requirements

23. Flight Verification – Validator
Airborne Unit

24. Flight Verification Validator
Ground Unit
Not Required for
Most Approaches

25. Cockpit View

26. FAA Participation
Provided Aircraft Support and Flight Inspection Expertise at Many Locations
Installed Validator Directly on FAA Aircraft

27. Flight Verification
Chart

28. Flight Verification
Ground Track

29. GNSS/RNAV Approach Procedures Simulation
Computer-based procedure verification with PrecisionWare Simulator
Software allows the evaluation of approach procedures to minimize costly flight inspection time
Evaluate and verify obstacle, FTE, clearance areas and turning radii
Simulate different aircraft types and different wind conditions
Data useful for waivers and specials

30. Training Workshops: Tactical by design.
Last from two to six weeks dependent on the desired end level of expertise.
Cover the complete procedure development training for the front line working level of the air navigation service provider.
Introduction to GNSS, PANS-OPS criteria, GNSS specific criteria, and approach design workshops.
Aim is to introduce the participant to GNSS procedures and create a level of understanding to allow for review, approval and potential maintenance of GNSS procedures.

31. Benefits Realized Safety
3-D Guidance for All Phases of Flight Inside Terminal Areas
Increased Situational Awareness Through Continuous Access to Navigation Information
-- Reduction in CFIT Accidents
Efficiency
Ability to Reduce Impact of Weather on Traffic Flow

32. Quality Control Process
QC for any individual module as a separate service
Runway and obstacle data only handled once but validated throughout development process through use of PrecisionWare
Flexibility for customer provided module(s) to be integrate into process

33. SADC Project Summary Project initiated Jan 1, 2001:
37 WGS-84 surveys completed
238 procedures designed and charted
GNSS LNAV/VNAV approaches
SIDs
STARs
Airspace redesign for 37 airports
3 2-week PANS OPS Design Courses
16 One Day GNSS courses (in each State)
Flight validation for all procedures
-- Rejection rate – less than 2/10ths of 1% of all procedures
Created first Nation to have all IFR runway ends served by GNSS RNAV approaches – Cape Verde

34. Total Navigation Solution Summary
Modular design
Overall quality management plan covers each process as well as the total system
Approach provides for maximum flexibility:
Modular implementation puts the process in “digestible” pieces for all stakeholders
Customers choose the solution set which meets their requirements
CAAs or other service providers who may be at various stages of implementation select what works from a menu of products
Benefits accrue to clients within twelve to eighteen months of project inception

35. Questions. Jeff Cochrane Ph. 703-883-8088 Ext
Questions? Jeff Cochrane Ph Ext

36. Santo Dumont Airport
Rio de Janeiro

37. Aeroparque Jorge Newberry Buenos Aires