1. Day 1

2. Cells What do we know about cells? Smallest unit of life
Come in all shapes and sizes
What we know about them is called “Cell Theory”
Living things made from one or more cells
Cells basic units of structure and function in living things (building blocks of living)
New cells only made from existing cells.

3. Different types of cells

4. 2 Major types of Cells

5. 2 Major types of Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Complex
Smallest/Simplest
Single Celled (unicellular)
NO Nucleus
No organelles
Has Singular circular DNA
Has ribosomes
Has Cell wall that surrounds a cell membrane
Complex
Uni or multicellular
HAVE Nucleus
Helical DNA located in nucleus
Many organelles that do specific jobs for cells to function.
Cell membrane with some having cell wall

6. Additional Info Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Some have capsid around cell wall
Flagella – tail-like structure
motility
Pilus (Pili) – hair-like structures around bacteria
Helps with attachment to host or reproduction
3 Shapes
Bacillus – rod
Coccus – round
Spirilum -spiral
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Cilia – hair like structures around cells
Motility
Moving substances across their surfaces
Flagella
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista

8. 2 Major Types of Eukaryotes
Animal
Plant

9. Organelles
Plasma membrane - barrier surrounds cell and separates outer from inner.
Cytoplasm- jelly material inside the cell’s plasma membrane.
cytoskeleton network of protein fibers that provide framework for cell within cytoplasm.
nucleolus – houses DNA produces ribosomes.
lysosome - vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances.
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
Cell Membrane

10. ribosome -helps make proteins.
endoplasmic reticulum -folded membrane system that produces protein (Rough ER) and lipids (Smooth ER).
Golgi apparatus tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell.
centriole – helps in cell division; made of microtubules.
Mitochondrion – makes energy (ATP) for cell by process of cellular respiration

11. Rough ER
Nucleolus
Nucleolus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Smooth ER
Centrioles
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosome

12. Features in plants only
Chloroplast -captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis.
cell wall - in plants, rigid barrier that surrounds outside of plasma membrane; made of cellulose, and provides support and protection to the cell.
vacuole – stores of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes.
Vacuoles
Chloroplast
Cell Wall

13. Which cell is which?

14. Viruses How are viruses different from living cells?
Segments of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat.
Not cells
Replicate by infecting host cells and using the host DNA to make more viruses.
Do not grow, do not have homeostasis, and do not metabolize.
Smaller than prokaryotic cells.

15. Why are viruses important?
Pathogens- agents that cause disease.
Viruses are often restricted to certain kinds of cells.
Ex. HIV infects immune cells of animals.
Ex. Bacteriophages- viruses that infect bacteria.

16. Structure Capsid- the virus protein coat.
contain either RNA or DNA, but not both.
Envelope- membrane surrounding capsid. Helps virus enter cell.
Glycoproteins- proteins with attached carbohydrate molecule, derived from host cell.
Glycoproteins

17. Replication – 2 Types
Lytic cycle- viral infection, then replication, and then cell destruction.
Once cell is destroyed, the viruses are then released.
Lysogenic cycle- virus stays inside cell but do not make new viruses.
Viral gene is inserted into the host chromosome which is called a provirus. When the cell divides the provirus divides.
Virus replicated without destroying cell.
example: Herpes virus

18. Viral Shapes
Spherical
Helical
Rod Shaped
Polyhedral

19. Bacteriophage Structure

20. Size comparison