1. February 15 New Seats – midterm Updates/grades Vocabulary List
Score CCN/Article
Love

2. Pay $93 on or before March 10 (see calendar to change cost)
AP Exam Reminders
Pay $93 on or before March 10
(see calendar to change cost)

3. Recaptures - not an option for those absent on test day
Midterm Exam
Scoring Thursday
Recaptures - not an option for those absent on test day

4. The Psychology of Love

5. Reflect Whom do you love. Why do you love them?
Describe two people you know are in love.
How do you know they love each other?

6. Why do humans fall in love?

7. Why Do Humans Fall in Love?
1. Proximity
crossing the space/time continuum E=MC
spending time together/being near one another
a. Mere Exposure Effect
Repeated exposure to novel stimuli (nonsense syllables, musical selections, geometric figures, Chinese characters, human faces, the letters of our own name, strange foods) increases our liking for them (Moreland & Zajonc, 1982; Nuttin, 1987)
Proximity fosters the mere exposure effect.
Describe an example of the mere exposure effect from your own experience.

8. Why Do Humans Fall in Love?
2. Affect (feeling)
a. Attribution Theory: we tend to give a causal explanation for someone’s behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition (personality).
Events which are not a part of the person but happen in connection with the person affect the way we feel about that person.
For example, if we have a shared good time (action), we tend to attribute it to the person we are with.

9. Why Do Humans Fall in Love?
b. Fundamental Attribution Error
We attribute others’ behaviors to their disposition (personality) and our own behaviors to the situation
This is why you should plan a perfect date!
Do something the other person enjoys. They will attribute the fun time they had to YOU, not the situation.
They will make the FAE!
Part I
Part II

10. Why Do Humans Fall in Love?
3. Physical Attractiveness/Attraction 1. Neurotransmitters 2. Hormones 3. Familiarity – we are more likely to be attracted to similar others (mere exposure … to our own faces?)

11. Roger Drake - Attraction
People are attracted to similar others
Attitudes (not physical traits)
The strongest predictor of liking is reciprocal liking.
University of Wisconson –
Having others show attraction toward you
Reciprocal liking
Acting less interested in others

12. What Keeps Love Going?

13. What Keeps Love Going? Equity Theory
A=B
As long as both people in a relationship are giving/getting equally, there is satisfaction in the relationship.
This is based on the reciprocity norm
Think of a relationship you have of this nature….

14. What Keeps Love Going? 5. Social Exchange Theory
This is a mathematical equation for love: Love = f (B-C)
Love is a function of benefits minus cost.
What could some benefits be? Costs?
Can you think of a relationship you have for which the benefits DO outweigh the costs? Describe.

15. Types of Love

16. What Are the Different Types of Love?
6. Limerence
An intense, temporary unreasoned longing for another person
Found in new and undeveloped relationships
Not just romantic
Passion: intensely emotional state in which tender and sexual feelings, elation and pain, anxiety and relief, altruism and jealousy coexist in a confusion of feelings.
It has been said that the experience of passionate love combines physical arousal with the perception that the arousal is evoked by the beloved. (attribution theory)

17. “New Love” - Tennov’s Research
But there is a new kind of love to go along with the concept of passion (or exist on its own)
LIMERENCE
(she made up the word, because it didn’t exist)

18. LIMERENCE/Passion An INTENSE crush – way more than infatuation
May exist on its own without romance.
Characterized by:
intensity of feeling (obsession)
mental preoccupation
hyper-attentiveness to the other person
fear of rejection (EVERYTHING is scrutinized)
proximity seeking (ploys for attention)
hope followed by uncertainty (want reciprocity)
mood dependency
physical symptoms (stress)
obstacles intensify the feelings (parents)

19. February 17 Partners/Rewind Score FRQ – Midterm Exam Rewind
Finalize Love/Chocolate
Begin Unit XIII Part I – Physical Development
February 17

20. Scoring FRQ Read rubric with partner (aloud) Score sample with partner
Score sample as a class
Score FRQ
Staple score sheet to the TOP and turn in
Scoring FRQ

21. Whom do we feel this for? ANYONE IT COULD BE ANYONE Friend
A person who meets our general criteria for a potential “mate”
Someone who might potentially RECIPROCATE
Someone for whom we feel uncertain
IT COULD BE ANYONE

22. Passion and the Brain Aron et al:
Couples who who were absolutely gaga!
Looked at pictures of their beloved vs. acquaintances
Results? Looking at the beloved activates the caudate nucleus and the VTA
Degree of activation correlates with scores on passionate love scale

23. VTA – ventral tegmental area
Dopamine sprinkler system
Sends dopamine to the caudate nucleus
Activation produces focused attention, heightened energy, fierce concentration, elation and mania

24. The Caudate Nucleus Dopamine-rich Affected by reward, motivation
Dose-dependent
Addiction
Limerence (passion) is an intense, goal-oriented motivational state!

25. How Do You Make it Stop? STOP the reinforcement STOP ALL CONTACT
Zero stimulation = Zero reinforcement
Stop ALL potential for hope
OR … form a bond with the person and develop a more stable attachment

26. Types of Love
7. Companionate Love: the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined. True ATTACHMENT
Characteristics include:
TRUST
CARING
TOLERANCE OF THE PARTNER’S FLAWS AND IDIOSYNCRASIES
AN EMOTIONAL TYPE OF WARMTH AND AFFECTION (RATHER THAN AN EMOTIONAL PASSION)

27. February 22 Rewind Tests/Recaptures/Grades
Finalize Love/Chocolate and Turn in Study Guide
Begin Unit XIII Part I - Physical Development
Begin Unit XIII Part II (if time)
February 22

28. Knowing Your Partner Take the Knowing Your Partner Quiz # 1-22
Friends’ relationship
Your relationship
Relatives’ relationship
Past relationship
Fictional couple
8. Gotman’s research
650 couples/since 1999
Major influences

29. 8. Progression of Love and Attachment
Limerence
Attachment
start 2 yrs over 4 yrs

30. Marriage in Utah and US Dr. Lisa Diamond (University of Utah)
Heterosexual (new research looking at same sex marriages)
Utahns more likely to marry
Utahns more likely to divorce
Median age of first marriage:
Women: 21 in Utah, 25 in US
Men: 23 in Utah, 27 in US

31. 8. Progression of Love and Attachment
Limerence
Attachment
start 2 yrs over 4 yrs

32. Marriage in Utah and US
In US, 20% of first marriages end within 5 years
33% by 10
Utah? 50% by 5 years
70% by 10

33. February 22 Rewind/Finalize Love and Chocolate CCN/Quiz
Recapture/Upcoming Schedule
Begin Unit XIII Part I
February 22

34. 9. Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
The Triangular Theory of Love:
L = characteristic is LOW
H = characteristic is HIGH
I = Intimacy
(closeness, sharing, self-disclosure, giving)
P = Passion
(sexual attraction, romantic feelings)
C = Commitment
(cognitive, intention to remain in relationship)

35. intimacy passion commitment nonlove low liking high infatuated love
intimacy
passion
commitment
nonlove
low
liking
high
infatuated love
romantic love
empty love
 fatuous love
companionate love
consummate love

36. Chocolate!!

37. Reflection What type of chocolate is your favorite?
(dark, milk, white, etc …)
What is your ideal form of chocolate?
(cookies, candy, cake, etc …)
Why is chocolate associated with love and Valentine’s Day?

38. How many chemicals? Chocolate contains over 380 different chemicals!
Here are just a few….

39. Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines
More than a mouth full…
Mild MAO (monoamine
oxidase) inhibitors.
(Similar to antidepressant)
Influences mood, food intake, compulsive behaviors, and addiction

40. Theobromine Dogs cannot digest
May go “mad” or become ill temporarily as the body tries to rid itself
Could be fatal in large quantities
Babies cannot digest
May become ill

41. Brain Produces Natural Opiates Endorphins
Dull pain
Increase feeling of well-being
Euphoria

42. Anandamide Cannabanoid Mimic Binds to THC receptors But be careful….
A 130 pound person + 25 pounds of chocolate (pure) =
marijuana-like high

43. Phenyl ethylamine Similar to amphetamines Stimulant
Blood pressure and blood sugar rises
Alertness
Contentment

44. Caffeine/Methylxanthines
How much stimulation?
130 pound person + 12 Hershey bars =
1 cup of coffee

45. What do you know now?
Ahhh…
The joy of chocolate!