1. BIOLOGY 12
Biotechnology

2. What is Biotechnology? biotechnology is technology based on biology
biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet
it can involve research with cells, genes, and proteins

3. Biotechnology Fields bioremediation genomics green biotechnology
the use of living microorganisms to transform undesirable and harmful substances into nontoxic compounds
genomics
the study of genomes of humans and other organisms
green biotechnology
use of environmentally-friendly solutions as an alternative to traditional agriculture, horticulture, and animal breeding processes
diagnostics
early detection of disease
agricultural biotechnology
biotechnology applied to agricultural processes

4. Biotechnology Fields cont.
biotechnology & pharmaceuticals
large biological molecules that are developed to address targets that cannot easily be addressed by small molecules
fertility treatments
treatments to deal with infertility
forensics
DNA fingerprinting

5. DNA Technologies recombinant DNA technology
biologists use tools and processes that enable them to analyze and alter genes and their respective proteins
recombinant DNA contains DNA from at least two different sources
plasmid vector compared to viral vector
a clone is a large number of molecules, cells, or organisms that are identical to the original
bacterial cells take up recombined plasmids
if the inserted gene is replicated and expressed, we can recover the cloned gene or protein product

6. DNA Technologies cont. polymerase chain reaction analyzing DNA
the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uses the enzyme DNA polymerase to carry out multiple replications
PCR can create millions of copies of a single gene or a specific piece of DNA
analyzing DNA
an entire genome of an individual can be subjected to DNA fingerprinting

7. Products of DNA Technologies
genetically engineered organisms can produce biotechnology products
free-living organisms that have had a foreign gene inserted into them are transgenic
includes:
transgenic plants
transgenic bacteria
transgenic animals

8. Gene Therapy inserting healthy genes genetic disorders
give a patient healthy genes to make up for faulty genes
genetic disorders
treatment of these disorders
cancer treatment
making cancer cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy, and regular cells more tolerant to chemotherapy

9. Epigenetics courteosy of Learn Genetics http://learn. genetics. utah
as an organism grows and develops, carefully orchestrated chemical reactions activate and deactivate parts of the genome at strategic times and in specific locations
epigenetics is the study of these chemical reactions and the factors that influence them
epigenetics