1. ELT 213 APPROACHES TO ELT I DIRECT METHOD WEEK 4
Assist. Prof.Dr. Seden Eraldemir Tuyan

2. Basic principle: The use of L1 is sin; no translation
Meaning is conveyed directly in the target language through demonstration and visual aids

3. PRINCIPLES 1. Observation: Ss read aloud a passage about US geography
Principle: Language is mainly speech. Culture includes more than fine arts. Reading is taught from the beginning and developed through practice with speaking
2. Observation: T. points to a part of the map after each sentences is read
Principle: Concrete objects are used to understand the meaning

4. 3. Observation: T uses the target language to ask the Ss if they have a question
Principle: Mother tongue has almost no role
4. Observation: T answers Ss questions by drawing on the board and giving examples
Principle: Demonstration is preferred to explanation and translation for direct association between L1 and L2

5. 5. Observation: T asks questions in L2 and Ss reply in complete sentences in L2
Principle: Vocabulary in use is emphasized to boost thinking in English (no word lists)
6. Observation: Ss ask questions about the map
Principle: Communication is the goal

6. 7. Observation: T works with Ss on the pronunciation of ‘Appalachian’
Principle: Pronunciation receives primary attention
8. Observation: T corrects a grammar error by asking Ss to make a choice
Principle: Self-correction facilitates learning

7. 9. Observation: T asks questions about Ss; Ss ask each other questions
Principle: Lessons should provide the chances for conversational activities; some opportunity to use language in real context; speaking is encouraged as much as possible
10. Observation: Ss fill in the blanks with prepositions practiced in the lesson
Principle: Grammar is taught inductively; no explicit grammar rules

8. 11. Observation: T dictates a paragraph about US geography
Principle: Like reading, writing is practiced from beginning
12. Observation: All the lessons that week involve US geography
Principle: Lessons are topic / situational based and not structurally designed
13. Observation: A proverb is used to discuss how people in US view punctuality
Principle: Learning L2 involves learning the way they live

9. Reviewing the Principles
Goals of the Ts:
Teach Ss how to communicate in L2; Ss think in L2.
Role of Ts & Ss:
T directs the class activities; but Ss are less passive than in Grammar/Translation method
T and Ss are more like partners.

10. Characteristics of teaching/learning process:
Direct associations between meaning and L2: demonstration through realia, pictures, or pantomime is used
No translation
Situational syllabus
Inductive grammar teaching
Practice of vocab by using new words in complete sentences.

11. Nature of interaction:
From T to Ss
From Ss to T (often directed by the teacher)
Ss to Ss.
Students’ Feelings:
No principles
Language/culture viewed:
Primarily spoken; Ss study everyday speech in L2
History, geography, daily lives of the people in target culture is studies.

12. Areas of lang. emphasized:
Vocab is over grammar
Four skills are studied from the beginning but oral communication is basic: Reading and Writing based on oral practices
Pronunciation is important.
Role of L1:
No L1 in the classroom.

13. Evaluation:
Interviews with students orally
Writing a paragraph about something they have studied, etc.
Error correction:
T tries to get Ss to self-correct when possible.

14. TECHNIQUES Reading aloud
Question and answer (answers in full sentence)
Getting Ss to self-correct (different ways of self correction)
Conversation practice (asking and answering in L2)
Fill-in-the-blank
Dictation
Map drawing
Paragraph writing

15. DIRECT METHOD DEMO https://youtu.be/lls2oYe7TE0