1. Tissue Types

2. 4 types of tissues:

4. Epithelial
Where found? :
linings, coverings, glands

5. Purposes:
protection- found on outside of skin, inside body cavities
secretion- from glandular tissues (hormones, mucus, digestive enzymes, sweat)
absorption- the digestive tracts and lungs absorb nutrients and gases
filtration- lines the kidney tubules which is where urine products are filtered from the blood

6. Characteristics
fit closely together to form sheets- connected by many cell junctions

7. 2. upper surface is free and unattached (exposed to
body’s exterior or to a cavity)
3. the lower surface rests on a basement membrane

8. 4. avascular- no direct blood supply- (relies on underlying tissue for food and oxygen)
5. regenerates easily

9. Classifications
By shape

10. By number of layers

14. Nervous Tissue
Where found?-
brain, spinal cord, nerves

15. Purpose
communication and coordination of body parts and their activities

16. Characteristics irritability- ability to respond to a stimulus
conductivity- ability to transmit an electrical signal

17. Connective Tissue

18. Where found?
everywhere in the body

19. Purposes binds body parts together support structures (bone)
protects tissues (peritoneum, fat)
transports (blood)

20. Characteristics
most of this tissue is well vascularized- except tendons and ligaments (heal slowly)
Made of 3 things:
1. living cells
2. non-living extracellular matrix
secreted by the cell(can be liquid, semi-solid, gel-like)
3. fibers within the matrix (collagen, elastic, reticular)

21. Types of fibers 1. Collagen- thick, bundled, tough
1. Collagen- thick, bundled, tough
provide high tensile strength to the matrix
a.k.a.= white fibers
where?: bone, skin
2. Elastic fibers- long, thin, branching
contain elastin= allows it to stretch
able to snap back after the stretch
a.k.a.= yellow fibers
where?: skin, lungs, blood vessels
3. Reticular- short, fine, branching, collagen like
form a delicate network that surrounds small blood vessels and
support soft tissue of organs
where?: where connective tissue abuts other tissues
basement membrane

23. Types and Examples
1. Dense Connective Tissue (lots of fibers) a. dense regular – (a regular pattern) b. dense irregular (an irregular pattern) c. elastic (stretches)

24. Collagen fiber bundles
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
LOCATIONS: Between skeletal muscles and skeleton (tendons and aponeuroses); between bones or stabilizing positions of internal organs (ligaments); covering skeletal muscles; deep fasciae
Dense
Connective
Tissue
Collagen fibers
FUNCTIONS: Provides firm attachment; conducts pull of muscles; reduces friction between muscles; stabilizes positions of bones
Fibroblast nuclei a
Tendon
LM × 440
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
LOCATIONS: Capsules of visceral organs; periostea and perichondria; nerve and muscle sheaths; dermis
FUNCTIONS: Provides strength to resist forces from many directions;
helps prevent overexpansion of organs, such as the urinary bladder
Collagen fiber bundles b
Deep dermis
LM × 111
Elastic Tissue
LOCATIONS: Between vertebrae of the spinal column (ligamentum flavum and ligamentum nuchae); ligaments supporting penis; ligaments supporting transitional epithelia; in blood vessel walls
Elastic fibers
FUNCTIONS: Stabilizes positions of vertebrae and penis; cushions shocks; permits expansion and contraction of organs
Fibroblast nuclei c
Elastic ligament
LM × 887

25. Human Skin

26. 2. Loose Connective Tissue
a. areolar (soft, pliable)- “packaging” around organs
b. adipose (fat)
c. reticular - found in lymph nodes, spleen, blood marrow
(delicate network of fine fibers that hold blood cells)

27. Areolar

28. Fat

29. Reticular

30. Reticular

31. 3. Specialized Connective Tissue
Bone
Blood
Cartilage

32. Bone

33. Cartilage

34. 3 types of cartilage

35. 5. Blood
a. living cells= blood cells
b. non-living matrix= plasma
c. fibers= blood clots

36. Blood

37. Muscles

38. Where found? attached to skeleton in the heart
in the walls of hollow organs

39. Purpose
contract and shorten to produce movement

40. Types and Characteristics

41. Skeletal
1. Voluntary
2. Multinucleate
3. contains many striations

42. Skeletal Muscle

43. Cardiac 1. involuntary 2. uninucleate 3. branching fibers
4. many striations with intercalated discs

44. Cardiac Muscle

45. Smooth 1. involuntary 2. uninucleate 3. no striations
4. spindle-like appearance

46. Smooth Muscle