1. Review Strategy:
Create a Six Circle Bullseye in your Interactive Notebook to Organize the Levels of our Environment. Use words or pictures.
(The smallest circle will represent the smallest unit of the Environment)

2. Watch the video clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW7PlTaawfQ
Activating Strategy:
Watch the video clip:
What does Mufasa means by the circle of life.

3. E Q: How does energy flow through an ecosystem?
Standards:
S7L4a. Demonstrate in a food web that matter is transferred from one organism to another and can recycle between organisms and their environment.
S7L4b. Explain in a food web that sunlight is the source of energy and that this energy moves from organism to organism.

4. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What happens to matter in the “circle of life”? Does it just disappear?

5. Matter changes form, but never leaves the ecosystem.
The movement of matter through the living and non-living parts of an ecosystem is a continuous cycle.

6. What does the diagram to the right illustrate about our environment?
You learned about various cycles in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere in sixth grade. Now, we are going to examine cycles in the biosphere.

7. What Cycles Through the Earth’s Biosphere?
Earth’s biosphere contains a fixed amount of water, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other materials that cycle through the environment and are reused by different organisms.

8. Water Cycle and It’s Components
-water cycle is the movement of water from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back to the surface again powered by the Sun.
1-Evaporation-when liquid water changes into water vapors and enters the atmosphere.
2-Condensation-process of changing water vapors to a liquid.

9. Water Cycle and It’s Components
3-Precipitation-when water drops become large enough and fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, etc.
4-Transpiration-process by which plants lose water out of their leaves.  It gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air.

10. Water Facts
390,000 cubic kilometers of water evaporates and enters atmosphere each year.
Equivalent to 185,000,000,000,000,000 bottles of 2 litre soda pop. (185 quadrillion)
Most evaporates from and precipitates back into the oceans… Why is this?
Ocean makes up nearly 75% of Earth’s surface.
Water that precipitates on land runs back through streams and rivers.
Quadrillion is the word for the big number

11. Water Cycle

12. Carbon Cycle and it’s Components
Carbon Cycle is recycling Carbon from living to non-living things between Earth and it’s atmosphere
All living things contain carbon
is transferred in the Environment by:
1.Photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition
2.Erosion, volcanic activity, and other geological activity
3. Human activity

13. Carbon Cycle Carbon gets into the ocean by:
Respiration by ocean animals
Precipitation that contains dissolved carbon dioxide
Erosion of carbonate rocks formed from animal skeletons and shells

14. Carbon Facts 71% of world’s carbon is in the oceans.
Mostly as carbonate and bicarbonate (dissolved ionic forms of carbon dioxide).
22% exists as fossils.
3% contained in dead organic matter and phytoplankton.
3% held in terrestrial ecosystems.
Only 1% within the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

15. Carbon Cycle
What processes are involved in the Carbon Cycle? [Hint: You learned them in the Cell Processes unit]
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

16. Nitrogen Cycle and It’s Components
Nitrogen Cycle is recycling nitrogen from living to non-living things between Earth and it’s atmosphere
All living things contain nitrogen and use it to make proteins
Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere (N2) can’t be used by organisms.
Usable forms are: Ammonia (NH3), Nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-)
It must undergo Nitrogen Fixation to be a usable form.

17. Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria can “fix” nitrogen to a usable form.
Bacteria On root nodules of legumes such as beans; convert nitrogen gas to ammonia.
Bacteria in soils, convert ammonia to nitrates and nitrites

18. Nitrogen Cycle and It’s Components
Decomposers reverse the process and release nitrogen back into the air.

19. Nitrogen Cycle

20. Why are the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles important?
All three cycle elements necessary for life through the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms.

21. Cycles of Matter Activity

22. Energy is the ability to do work or to cause a change.
Energy also cycles continuously through the environment.

23. Energy Strip Activity

24. Energy comes directly or indirectly from the Sun.
Energy is essential to all living things. Where does this energy come from?
Energy comes directly or indirectly from the Sun.

25. Organisms obtain the energy they need in different ways.

26. Producer
Organism that captures energy from sunlight and changes it into chemical energy
Producers are autotrophs, they make their own food
Producers are a source of food and energy for other organisms

27. Photosynthetic Bacteria
Producer: Examples
Photosynthetic Bacteria
Plants
Algae

28. Consumer
Organism that gets its energy by eating, or consuming, other organisms
Consumers are heterotrophs, they feed on other organisms to get their energy
There are different types based on what it consumes

29. A consumer that feeds on plants or algae
Consumer: Herbivore
A consumer that feeds on plants or algae
Squirrel
Zebra
Elephant

30. A consumer that feeds on both plants and animals
Consumer: Omnivore
A consumer that feeds on both plants and animals
Skunk
Hedgehog
Bear

31. A consumer that feeds on other animals
Consumer: Carnivore
A consumer that feeds on other animals
Alligator
Hawk
Cheetah

32. A consumer that feeds on dead animals
Consumer: Scavenger
A consumer that feeds on dead animals
Earthworm
Vulture
Raccoon

33. Decomposer
An organism that breaks down dead plant and animal matter into simpler compounds
Decomposers return matter to soil or water where it may be used again and again

34. Decomposer: Examples
Bacteria
Fungi
Mr. Parr Decomposers Song [3:20]

35. Watch the video clip and write down your observations using the following guidelines: 1. What’s occurring in the video? 2. Is the process shown harmful or beneficial? Why? 3. What would happen if the process shown did not occur? 4. The process shown can be described as a cycle, why?

36. Energy Roles Song [3:47 introduces additional concepts]
Study Jams: Ecosystem
Energy Roles Song [3:47 introduces additional concepts]

37. Organism Card Activity

38. Food Chains
Food chains are used to describe the feeding relationship between a producer and a single chain of consumers in an ecosystem.

39. Food Chains
Why does the grasshopper eat the plant? What about the owl and the snake?
Organisms eat or make their own food so the food can be converted into energy.

40. Food Chain Notice the direction of the arrows.
Energy is going from the corn to the locust
Energy is going from the locust to the lizard
Energy is going from the lizard to the snake
The arrows show the direction in which the energy from the food is moving
Notice the direction of the arrows.

41. Where does the energy for the food chain always begin?

42. Based on the two food chains, what do you think terrestrial means?
Terrestrial means land and marine means sea

43. Which type of organism is circled in the food chain and why is it shown differently?
The decomposers get energy from the dead bird which then gets transferred back to plants in the soil.

44. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWfEn8J5xKM [Food Chain Song 3:33]
Study Jams: Food Chain
[Food Chain Song 3:33]

45. Constructing a Food Chain Activity

46. Food Web
A food web is a model of feeding relationships between many different consumers and producers (several food chains together).

47. Food Web

48. Food Web

49. Food Web Game Constructing a Food Web Activity

50. Study Jams: Food Web

51. Food Chains/Web
Both food chains and food webs show how different organisms receive their energy. They also show how different organisms depend on one another.
If one organism is removed from the food web or food chain, it may affect many other organisms in the ecosystem.

52. Use the Food Web Interdependence handout provided by the teacher and with an elbow partner discuss and describe what might happen if the fish population was suddenly removed from this ecosystem?
See Food Web and Interdependence for possible answers

53. Within an ecological food chain/web, consumers are categorized into three groups.
A Tertiary consumer feeds only on secondary consumers
Secondary consumers, on the other hand, are mainly carnivores, and prey on other animals
Primary consumers are usually herbivores, feeding on plants and fungus

54. Each level is referred to as a Trophic Level
Within an ecological food chain, consumers are categorized into three groups.
Each level is referred to as a Trophic Level
The students do not have to know this, but it is helpful to go over so students do not get confused when they see the word trophic in diagrams used to apply the concepts.

55. As energy moves from organism to organism, the amount of energy available for transfer decreases.

56. What does this mean for the polar bear?
The polar bear has to eat more than the seal, cod, shrimp, etc. to get the amount of energy it needs.
Amount of Energy

58. Another way to picture the flow of energy in an ecosystem is to use an energy pyramid.

61. Identify the different levels of the energy pyramid on your notes and answer the additional questions.

62. Why is bacteria shown at both the top and the bottom of the pyramid to the right?

63. Pyramid Model Activity

64. Food Web Formative Assessment Practice