1. Past Perfect
Form and uses

2. Past perfect: Form
We form the past perfect tense with had + a past participle
It was strange Angela had left everything in such order
Had Paco left everything in order? No, he hadn’t.

3. Past perfect: Form adding –d, -ed to a verb
Regular past participles are formed by
adding –d, -ed to a verb

4. Past perfect: Form
For irregular past participles, see the third column of the lists of irregular verbs

5. Past Perfect: Uses
To talk about a past action that ended before another action or time in the past (when we use before and after, we may use the simple past too)
She had been in perfect health when she left the house that morning
To show the cause of a past action
Paco didn’t feel like going anywhere else. He had visited the diamond mines in Koidu
With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, by the time, by, until
With adverbs such as ever, never, already, yet, just, so far and still
Ever since they were married, she had kept a diary.