1. All of the following contribute to genetic variation in offspring that result from sexual reproduction
CROSSING OVER SEGREGATION INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT RANDOM FERTILIZATION
Explain how each of these result in offspring that are different. DRAW PICTURES TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND!

2. BIOLOGY LEVEL ANSWER! CROSSING OVER
CROSSING OVER
BIOLOGY LEVEL ANSWER!
Exchange of DNA between homologous partners
(non-sister chromatids) during meiosis I

3. http://image. slidesharecdn
CROSSING OVER
Put some alleles on your chromosomes and follow where they end up after meiosis. MAKE CONNECTIONS! Go for a deeper level of understanding! Don’t just memorize. What does it mean?

4. http://image. slidesharecdn
CROSSING OVER
RECOMBINANTS- Put different maternal/paternal alleles together on different chromosomes
3.A.2.c Meiosis, a reduction division, followed by fertilization ensures genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.      Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:
    1. Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives one complete haploid (1n) set of chromosomes
    3. Separation of the homologous chromosomes ensures that each gamete receives a haploid (1n) set of chromosomes composed of both maternal and paternal chromosomes. LO 3.7 The student can make predictions about natural phenomena occurring during the cell cycle. [See SP 6.4]
LO 3.8 The student can describe the events that occur in the cell cycle. [See SP 1.2]
LO 3.9 The student is able to construct an explanation, using visual representations or narratives, as to how DNA in chromosomes is transmitted to the next generation via mitosis, or meiosis followed by fertilization. [See SP 6.2]
LO 3.10 The student is able to represent the connection between meiosis and increased genetic diversity necessary for evolution. [See SP 7.1]

5. Images modified from: http://image. slidesharecdn
SEGREGATION Separation of maternal/paternal homologous partners at anaphase I of meiosis
HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOMES carry different alleles
3.A.2.c Meiosis, a reduction division, followed by fertilization ensures genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.      Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:
    1. Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives one complete haploid (1n) set of chromosomes
    3. Separation of the homologous chromosomes ensures that each gamete receives a haploid (1n) set of chromosomes composed of both maternal and paternal chromosomes. LO 3.7 The student can make predictions about natural phenomena occurring during the cell cycle. [See SP 6.4]
LO 3.8 The student can describe the events that occur in the cell cycle. [See SP 1.2]
LO 3.9 The student is able to construct an explanation, using visual representations or narratives, as to how DNA in chromosomes is transmitted to the next generation via mitosis, or meiosis followed by fertilization. [See SP 6.2]
LO 3.10 The student is able to represent the connection between meiosis and increased genetic diversity necessary for evolution. [See SP 7.1]

6. Images modified from: http://image. slidesharecdn
SEGREGATION Separation of maternal/paternal homologous partners at anaphase I of meiosis
HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOMES carry different alleles
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES separate at ANAPHASE 1 Different alleles end up in different gametes

7. INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
3.A.2.c Meiosis, a reduction division, followed by fertilization ensures genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.      Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:
    1. Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives one complete haploid (1n) set of chromosomes
    3. Separation of the homologous chromosomes ensures that each gamete receives a haploid (1n) set of chromosomes composed of both maternal and paternal chromosomes. LO 3.7 The student can make predictions about natural phenomena occurring during the cell cycle. [See SP 6.4]
LO 3.8 The student can describe the events that occur in the cell cycle. [See SP 1.2]
LO 3.9 The student is able to construct an explanation, using visual representations or narratives, as to how DNA in chromosomes is transmitted to the next generation via mitosis, or meiosis followed by fertilization. [See SP 6.2]
LO 3.10 The student is able to represent the connection between meiosis and increased genetic diversity necessary for evolution. [See SP 7.1]

8. INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
Each daughter cell gets ONE copy of each kind chromosome, but DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS of maternal & paternal chromosomes can end up together in a cell
3.A.2.c Meiosis, a reduction division, followed by fertilization ensures genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.      Evidence of student learning is a demonstrated understanding of each of the following:
    1. Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives one complete haploid (1n) set of chromosomes
    3. Separation of the homologous chromosomes ensures that each gamete receives a haploid (1n) set of chromosomes composed of both maternal and paternal chromosomes. LO 3.7 The student can make predictions about natural phenomena occurring during the cell cycle. [See SP 6.4]
LO 3.8 The student can describe the events that occur in the cell cycle. [See SP 1.2]
LO 3.9 The student is able to construct an explanation, using visual representations or narratives, as to how DNA in chromosomes is transmitted to the next generation via mitosis, or meiosis followed by fertilization. [See SP 6.2]
LO 3.10 The student is able to represent the connection between meiosis and increased genetic diversity necessary for evolution. [See SP 7.1]

9. RANDOM FERTILIZATION Average male between ages 15-30 makes 200,000,000-300,000,000 sperm/day
Females born with 1-2 million immature eggs Releases mature eggs in lifetime
Egg 223 = 8.4 million possible combinations Sperm 2 23 = 8.4 million possible combinations
223 X ~ 70 trillion diploid combinations
(This doesn’t include crossing over!)
Odds of one particular egg getting together with one particular sperm is astronomical. EVERYONE IS UNIQUE!

10. Image modified from: http://images1.tickld.com/live/183591.jpg