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Protein Synthesis BLI.

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Presentation on theme: "Protein Synthesis BLI."— Presentation transcript:

1 Protein Synthesis BLI

2 Questions to be answered today
How do we get from the bases found in DNA to amino acids? How do we get from a bunch of amino acids to proteins?

3 DNA Structure 3 main components: Phosphate Sugar (deoxyribose)
Nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G)

4 Replication DNA DNA double helix unwinds DNA now single-stranded
New DNA strand forms using complementary base pairing (A-T, C-G) Used to prepare DNA for cell division (mitosis) Whole genome copied/replicated

5 DNA Replication: Semi-conservative

6 The Central dogma DNA RNA Protein Transcription Translation

7 Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.
DNA Vs. RNA DNA RNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Bases: C,G A,T Single stranded Ribose sugar Bases: C,G,A,U Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.

8 DNA Vs. RNA

9 Video Recap DNA Replication: Dk1HK8gH2XIafNgQJD1dMX2aW&index=2 DNA and RNA Structure: zX1k8M&list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1HK8gH2XIafNgQJD1dMX2aW&index=3

10 Protein Structure Made up of amino acids
Polypeptide- string of amino acids 20 amino acids are arranged in different orders to make a variety of proteins Assembled on a ribosome

11

12 Transcription DNA  mRNA
DNA unwinds, RNA polymerase attaches and adds RNA nucleotides to form base pairs with DNA C-G A-U mRNA- RNA that results from the process of transcription

13 TRANSCRIPTION DNA- ACG ATA CCC TGA CGA GCG TTA GCT UGC UAU GGG ACU…
-mRNA

14 Major players in transcription
mRNA- type of RNA that encodes information for the synthesis of proteins and carries it to a ribosome from the nucleus

15 Major players in transcription
RNA polymerase- complex of enzymes with 2 functions: Unwind DNA sequence Produce primary transcript by stringing together the chain of RNA nucleotides

16 Transcription is done…what now?
Now we have mature mRNA transcribed from the cell’s DNA. It is leaving the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Once in the cytoplasm, it finds a ribosome so that translation can begin. We know how mRNA is made, but how do we “read” the code?

17 Translation Second stage of protein production
mRNA is read via the organelle, ribosome tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

18 tRNA Transfer RNA Bound to one amino acid on one end
Anticodon on the other end complements mRNA codon

19 tRNA Function Amino acids must be in the correct order for the protein to function correctly tRNA lines up amino acids using mRNA code

20 Codons Every 3 DNA bases pairs with 3 mRNA bases
Every group of 3 mRNA bases encodes a single amino acid Codon- coding triplet of mRNA bases

21 The Genetic Code

22 Reading the Genetic Code
DNA- ACG ATA CCC TGA mRNA- UGC UAU GGG ACU Amino Acids- CYS TYR GLY THR

23 Transcription vs. Translation Review
Process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto messenger RNA Occurs in the nucleus DNA mRNA Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a protein at a ribosome Occurs on a Ribosome mRNA protein

24 Central Dogma!

25 Video recap Transcription and Translation- Dk1HK8gH2XIafNgQJD1dMX2aW&index=4

26 Kahoot! Type into the browser: kahoot.it

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