1. Sundiata
An Epic of Old Mali

2. Epic Long, narrative poem
Tales of vanished heroes—partly human, partly superhuman, who embody highest values of society.
Carries a culture’s history, values, and traditions to current and future generations.

3. Oral Epic Most ancient epics began as oral epics.
There are oral epics still yet to be recorded!
Oral epics include more than words.
Exciting blend of narrative, poetry, and drama.
Traditional repetitions, gestures, sound effects, songs, and proverbs play an important role in the “live” performance of epics.

4. Oral Epic
As an oral epic is written and translated into new languages, the epic changes.
Many elements of oral epics do not carry over well into writing. However, narrative, or storytelling, elements of epics DO carry over into writing easily.
Repetition enlivens and oral performance, but tends to deaden written works.
Translators find it difficult to carry over original poetic elements (rhyme, meter, etc.)

5. Sundiata
Best-known African epic
Preserved and passed on by griots.

6. Sundiata Blend of fact and legend
Sundiata Keita, the story’s hero, really existed.
Powerful leader who, in 1235, defeated the Sosso nation of western Africa and reestablished the Mandingo empire of Old Mali.
Under Sundiata, Mali expanded from the Atlantic coast to the northern border of present-day Nigeria, including the lands today called Guinea, Gambia, Senegal, Mali, and western Niger.

7. Sundiata Sundiata is not a historical document.
Rather, the story of Sundiata, over time, turned into a legend.
Legend—a story about extraordinary deeds that has been passed on from one generation to the next.
Supernatural powers are attributed to Sindiata, and he is involved in a mighty conflict between good and evil.

8. Sundiata in Written Form
First recorded in Guinea during the 1950s.
No one knows how many centuries old this version of the epic is.
First translated to French, later English.
Because now “twice removed” from original source, many features of the original language have been lost (meter, assonance, and alliteration).
However, still contains some original songs, repetition, and proverbs that accompanied the oral performance.

9. Sundiata Hero—Sundiata Supernatural Setting and Characters
Unusual childhood and shows signs of greatness as a child
Endures many trials growing up.
Undertakes a long journey into exile before coming back to lead his people
Supernatural
Sundiata, mother, sister, and enemies all possess supernatural powers.
Setting and Characters
Reveals unique history of traditions of the culture.
Mali was a powerful kingdom, enriched by alliances and neighboring nations; wealthy and complex; well-educated leaders.
Sundiata’s father (king) was killed when Sundiata was a child, leaving Mali vulnerable.
Invasion by the Sossos tests Sundiata’s heroism.