1. American Nationalism
Forces of Unification

2. Clay’s American System
Henry Clay developed the American system to make the U.S. self-sufficient
Previously dependent on England

3. Part I Created the Second Bank of the United States (1816-36)
Original ended in 1811
To provide loans for business and to build factories
Aided the northern states

4. Part II Passed the Tariff of 1816
A protective tariff to make foreign products more expensive
Incentive to buy American made products
Aids the north but hurts the south

5. Part III
Plans for the national government to build Internal Improvements to improve transportation
Roads, canals, bridges
Needed by the west

6. The Greatest Secretary of State
James Monroe ( ) elected POTUS in 1816
Appoints John Quincy Adams Secretary of State
Nationalistic foreign policy
Act to strengthen the U.S.

7. Adams Diplomatic Moves
Treaty of 1818
US & England set the Canadian border at the 49 parallel of latitude
Jointly occupy Oregon
Rush-Bagot Treaty (1818)
U.S. & England creating a demilitarized border between the U.S. and Canadian border

8. Jackson Invades Florida
Georgia facing attacks from Seminoles & escaped slaves from Florida
Gen. Andrew Jackson invades Florida in 1818
Spain Protests

9. Gaining Florida Adams negotiates the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
Spain which ceded Florida to the U.S.
Spain gives up claims on Oregon

10. The Marshall Court
The Supreme Court under John Marshall acted to strengthen the national government at the expense of the states

11. McCullough v. Maryland (1819) “The ability to tax is the ability to destroy”
2nd Bank is Constitutional because of the implied powers of the Constitution
States can’t interfere in the functions of the national government (national > state)

12. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Only the national government can regulate interstate commerce
Key in development of a national economy

13. Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819)
States can’t violate Constitutional protections
States can’t break contracts

14. Other Cases
Fletcher v Peck (1810)- declares a state law unconstitutional for the first time
Contract Clause
Martin v Hunters Lessee (1816)- fully established Federal court supremacy over state laws