1. WHY DO ATOMS REACT?

2. ALL ATOMS WANT TO HAVE EIGHT ELECTRONS IN THEIR VALENCE SHELL
EIGHT ELECTRONS: CALLED AN
OCTET

3. WHEN AN ELEMENT HAS A STABLE OCTET IT IS NO LONGER REACTIVE
HOW CAN SODIUM WITH AN ELECTRON CONFIGURATION OF :
ACHIEVE A STABLE OCTET?

4. FOR SODIUM TO HAVE EIGHT ELECTRONS IN ITS OUTER SHELL IT CAN:
GAIN 7 ELECTRONS
LOSE ONE ELECTRON
WHICH WOULD BE EASIER?

5. SODIUM WILL LOSE ONE ELECTRON FROM ITS THIRD ENERGY LEVEL

6. SODIUM
ONCE SODIUM LOSES ITS ONE ELECTRON FROM THE THIRD ENERGY LEVEL IT SHOWS EIGHT ELECTRONS THAT WERE IN ITS SECOND ENERGY LEVEL.

7. SODIUM HAS LOST ONE ELECTRON TO ACHIEVE A STABLE OCTET
SODIUM STILL HAS ELEVEN PROTONS (+11) IN ITS NUCLEUS
BUT NOW ONLY HAS 10 ELECTRONS IN ITS SHELLS

8. SODIUM’S IONIC CHARGE
IF WE ADD +11 (NUMBER OF PROTONS) AND -10 (NUMBER OF ELECTRONS) WE GET THE IONIC CHARGE OF +1

9. SODIUM IONIC CHARGE IS +1

10. IONIC CHARGE FOR ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1
ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1 HAVE ONE VALENCE ELECTRON.
ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1 WILL LOSE ONE VALENCE ELECTRON TO COMPLETE ITS OCTET

11. ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1 WILL FORM A +1 ION.

12. GROUP 17 ELEMENTS

13. ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 17 HAVE 7 VALENCE ELECTRONS

14. LIST THE ELEMENTS IN GROUP 17

15. GROUP 17: F, Cl, Br, I, At

16. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE FOR FLOURINE 9F TOTAL NUMBER OF ELECTRONS ?
ENERGY LEVEL ORBITAL NUMBER OF ELECTRONS

17. COMPLETE THE TABLE FOR FLOURINE
ENERGY LEVEL ORBITAL NUMBER OF ELECTRONS S S P

18. HOW CAN FLUORINE COMPLETE ITS OUTER SHELL?
GAIN ONE ELECTRON OR LOSE SEVEN ELECTRONS.
WHICH WOULD BE EASIER?

19. FLUORINE FORMS AN ION WITH A CHARGE OF -1
THE NUCLEUS OF FLUORINE HAS 9 PROTONS, BUT NOW WITH IT GAINING ONE ELECTRON IT NOW HAS 10 ELECTRONS IN ITS ENERGY LEVELS: +9 AND -10 EQUALS -1
THE SYMBOL FOR FLUORINE THE ION IS F -1

20. ALL GROUP 17 ELEMENTS FORM AN ION WITH A CHARGE OF -1
F Cl Br I At

21. ELEMENTS IN GROUP 2

22. \ Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra All have two valence electrons
GROUP 2 \
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
All have two valence electrons

23. All group 2 elements form ions with a charge of +2

24. All group two ions: +2 Be Mg Ca +2 Sr Ba Ra