1. ATONU BASELINE SURVEY REPORT TANZANIA
ANH – Kathmandu
10th July 2017

2. Introduction
Agricultural investment in sub-Saharan Africa has increased but have continued to focus on increasing food availability than promoting consumption and improving nutrition status
Prevalence of malnutrition still high
stunting rates above 40%
and 33% of childhood deaths linked to under-nutrition
Barriers to good nutrition:
Lack of knowledge about food
Insufficient harvesting,
Poor storage
Inaccessibility to markets,
Inadequate empowerment of women on decision making

3. Introduction…..
ATONU uses behavior change communication (BCC) to integrate the following in a livestock project:
Promote consumption of chicken products (meat and eggs);
Use of safe water,
Promote good sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices
Build capacity of households on budgeting to improve nutrition;
Empower women in decision-making
Home gardening to produce diverse vegetables to improve dietary diversity and quality.

4. Aim and objectives of baseline study
Aim: To generate baseline data for monitoring progress and assess effectiveness of Nutrition Sensitive-Interventions being implemented in selected ATONU/ACGG villages to improve among other things dietary diversity
Objectives:
Assess nutritional knowledge among women from the study areas
Identify factors influencing nutrition knowledge
Assess current dietary practices and nutritional status of infants and young children aged below 5 years and women of child-bearing age
Examine knowledge, attitude and decision-making practices around budgeting and expenditure as influenced by gender norms and beliefs

5. Approach and Methodology
STUDY AREAS:
Selected three out of five agro- ecological zones:
Eastern Ecological Zone: Morogoro, (Mvomero and Kilombero)
Central Ecological Zone: Singida (Iramba and Manyoni) & Dodoma (Bahi and Chamwino)
Southern Highlands Ecological Zone: Mbeya (Ileje and Mbeya Rural) and Njombe (Wanging’ombe and Njombe Rural)

6. Cluster Randomized Design
ACGG ONLY
ACGG + 3 ATONU NSIs
CONTROL 20
2 VILLAGES/DISTRICT
20 VILLAGES
@ 2 VILLAGES/DISTRICT 20
2 VILLAGES /DISTRICT
600 HOUSEHOLDS
600 HOUSEHOLDS
600 HOUSEHOLDS 6

7. Determination of Sample size
n= Number of individuals
and (1.63 and 1.61) are the variations of individual food diversity
scores in the treatment and control group, respectively.
and (1.96 and 0.842) are the z values at 5% and 80% (level of significance and the power of the test, respectively)
is the detectable difference 2.99 and 2.56

8. Determination of cluster size
K= is the number of clusters
= is the inter cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) equal to 0.1
m = is the average cluster size (number of households in a village) which is 40 villages and K was 28

9. ACGG + ATONU Interventions
Sample Description
Agro- ecological Zone
Region
District
ACGG
ACGG + ATONU Interventions
Control
Total
Villages HH
Central 2 4 8
240 24
720
Southern Highlands
Eastern 1
120 12
360 5 10 20
600 60
1800

10. Household Selection Criteria
A. ACCG/ATONU cluster
Participating in the ACGG program
Have at least one woman of reproductive age ( years at enrolment)
Provide informed consent
B. Control cluster
In addition to criteria ii and iii in A, a household should have produced chickens for at least two years and currently keeping not more than 50 chickens; have interest to expand production in the future

11. Data Collection Sampling of Villages Sampling of households
ACGG villages as selected by ACGG project
Control villages were also selected by the ACGG project from a list of potential villages for ACGG but could not be selected for the intervention
Sampling of households
Each ACGG village has 40 participating households
ATONU sampled – 30 households per village based on our calculation
Selection of 30 households was based on random numbers allocated to each household using Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) software

12. Data Collection - Field work
A structured questionnaire was administered at the household through face to face interviews with an adult woman responsible for food preparation and/or spouse where applicable
Anthropometric measurements were carried out at a central agreed location

13. Data analysis A total of 1762 households were reached (98%)
Data analysis was done on households
Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software version 18

14. RESULTS Household assets and income Housing and energy sources
Crop, vegetable and fruit production
Food availability, and accessibility
Livestock production
Food security
Vegetable processing
Household demographic characteristics
Knowledge and practices on nutrition
Maternal and child feeding knowledge
Food consumption and utilization
Water, sanitation and hygiene
Gender and women empowerment
Nutritional status

15. Characteristics of Respondents
Education attainment - all
Education attainment by treatment areas

16. KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE ON NUTRITION

17. Knowledge on Functions of Foods
98.6%
1.4%
Do not know
Know
97.6%
2.4%
Do not know
Know
43%
57%
Do not know
Know
Sugar
Oil
Cereals

18. Know Know Know 26% 38% Meat Fruits Vegetables 74% 62% 50% Do not know

19. Knowledge on nutrition
Causes of malnutrition

20. Type of messages on diets for women & Children

21. Food consumption and utilisation

22. Household Dietary Diversity

23. Food groups at different HDDS levels
HDDS = 4 to 5
HDDS = 6 to 8
HDDS ≥ 8
Cereal
Legumes
Vegetables
Oil and fats
Sugar and honey
Roots & tubers
Milk and milk product
Fish
Meat and meat product
Fruits
Eggs
Spices and condiments

24. Water, sanitation and hygiene practices

25. Water Treatment & Associated Reasons

26. Hygiene practices

27. Household decision making

28. Mechanism of decision making

29. Decisions on food and income expenditure

30. Food Purchase
Participation of women in decision making on what foods to purchase

31. Nutritional Status

32. Nutritional status of children below five years

33. Nutritional status of children below five years…

34. Nutrition Status of Children 6-10 Years

35. Nutrition Status of Children 6-10 Years…

36. Nutritional Status of Adults

37. Conclusion Low dietary diversity
Limited knowledge on functions of food in the body and preparation
Limited knowledge on nutrition/malnutrition causes and ways to reduce malnutrition
Nutritional status of children below five years of age is sub-optimal.
Prevalence of stunting is high and in some areas exceeding regional and national averages. Prevalence of wasting in some areas is unacceptably high (>5%)
Nutritional status of children (6-19 years) is also suboptimal
The nutritional status of adults, both males and females, has shown significant shift from a tendency for underweight to that of overweight and obesity

38. THANK YOU
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