1. © ORCA Education Limited 2005
Macro-nutrients
Revise and Test
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 40, 68
PLAY Acknowledge
PLAY Explain
SAY Hello | Hi | Good Day,
SAY I am Tom. | My name is Tom. | I am the VT character Tom.
SAY ^PAUSE=300^ I will provide some extra guidance and information ^PAUSE=300^ during this {prez entation=presentation.} | I will help with some extra information during this {prez entation=presentation.} ^PAUSE=800^
PLAY Explain2
SAY In this {prez entation=presentation} we will look at macronutrients, ^PAUSE=300^ introducing proteins, ^PAUSE=200^ amino acids, ^PAUSE=200^ carbohydrates ^PAUSE=300^ and fats.| Today we will look at macro-nutrients including proteins, amino acids carbohydrates and fats. ^PAUSE=300^
SAY We will consider their importance in our diet and how they should be considered when planning a meal.
PLAY Announce2
SAY My colleagues may also give some help. | There are other characters who may also be called on to give some guidance. | Some of my colleagues may also help out. ^PAUSE=1300^
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PLAY Decline
SAY If you choose ^EMPHASIS^Hide ^PAUSE=300^ we will stop completely! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Sad
SAY ^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Alert
SAY Oh yes! ^PAUSE=300^
SAY There are some terms that may be new to you.
SAY If you want to see them before the {prez entation=presentation} click on the New Words button.
PLAY Point225
SAY ^PAUSE=800^
SAY These keywords in the text are red and underlined, ^PAUSE=300^ if you click on a highlighted word you will see a ^EMPHASIS^short definition
PLAY GestureDown
SAY at the bottom of the page. ^PAUSE=800^
END
© ORCA Education Limited 2005

2. Food A
Answers
Food consists of nutrients and other substances that the body needs.
The two groups of nutrients are macronutrients and micronutrients.
1. Complete the following sentence: Macronutrients are p……, f… and c………… which the body needs in l….. quantities.
2. We need nutrients in our diet but what are the other two substances we also need?
3. Give two reasons why we need food. *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 18, 68
PLAY Alert
SAY Do you ever think about what you eat? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Or do you just eat ^EMPHASIS^whatever you fancy ^PAUSE=300^ or whatever you are given? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY As it says here ^PAUSE=300^ it is important that our diet provides us with ^EMPHASIS^all the nutrients we need. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
SAY How would you describe ^EMPHASIS^your diet? ^PAUSE=700^
PLAY Announce2
SAY Is it good ^PAUSE=200^ or bad, ^PAUSE=400^ healthy or poor? ^PAUSE=700^
PLAY LookLeft
SAY Too ^EMPHASIS^much food^PAUSE=200^ may lead to obesity, ^PAUSE=200^ too little food may lead to under-nutrition, ^PAUSE=300^ eating disorders and health problems. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Sad
SAY We expect malnutrition to be a problem for people in less economically developed countries where there is war or drought, ^PAUSE=300^ but malnutrition really means ^EMPHASIS^poor nutrition.
SAY That is simply not eating ^EMPHASIS^enough to meet your dietary needs, ^PAUSE=300^
SAY or eating too ^EMPHASIS^much^PAUSE=300^ which leads to obesity. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY We need to eat the right amount of each type of food to meet our needs. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Our foods must contain the nutrients to give us a ^EMPHASIS^balanced diet. ^PAUSE=1300^
END

3. The Need for Protein A
Answers
Our Hair
Our Nails
Protein provides the building blocks for growth and repair of our bodies.
The arrows show some of the ways we use protein.
Our Body Cells
Our Muscles
4. What else do we use protein for? *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY Announce2
SAY It is ^EMPHASIS^very rare for people in Britain not to have enough protein. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY In fact^PAUSE=300^ the average adult needs about forty five grams of protein a day. ^PAUSE=900^
PLAY Confused
SAY Considering how many foods contain protein, ^PAUSE=300^ if we eat a variety of foods we are ^EMPHASIS^bound to get enough. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY If you like {lasanya=lasagne} ^PAUSE=300^ or shish {kbab=kabab} in pitta bread ^PAUSE=300^ or even lamb rogan josh, ^PAUSE=300^ you will get thirty to forty grams of protein just in one portion! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY Deficiency mainly occurs in less economically developed countries where there is not enough food to provide energy needs. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY The body will draw on protein in muscles and convert ^EMPHASIS^this into energy. So someone with protein malnutrition will have muscle wasting. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY LookUpLeft
SAY ^EMPHASIS^She will need to get enough protein!
PLAY Alert
END

4. Amino Acids A Proteins are made from twenty amino acids.
Answers
Proteins are made from twenty amino acids.
5. What are non-essential or dispensable amino acids?
6. What are essential or indispensable amino acids? *
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SHOW peedy, peedy.acs, 22, 68
PLAY LookLeft
SAY Be careful with those feet, ^PAUSE=300^ please ! ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY Think
SAY ^PAUSE=1000^
PLAY GestureUp
SAY Oh yes, ^PAUSE=300^ you have to get the nine ^EMPHASIS^essential amino acids^PAUSE=300^ from what we eat!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY But only ^EMPHASIS^children ^PAUSE=300^ do not make enough of the essential amino acid ^PAUSE=300^ Histidine. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Now that leaves you adult humans needing to take in ^EMPHASIS^eight essential amino acids.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Alert
SAY So what are the names of the other eight essential amino acids? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce
SAY OK we have {loosin=leucine,} ^PAUSE=300^ {I so loosin=isoleucine,} ^PAUSE=300^{vay leen= valine,} ^PAUSE=300^ {three ohnpne=threonone,} ^PAUSE=300^ {meth eeohnone=methionone,} ^PAUSE=300^ {feeny lal neen=phenylalanine,} ^PAUSE=300^ {lie sin=lysine}^PAUSE=500^ and of course, ^PAUSE=300^
SAY Good old tryptophan!^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY Where would we be without tryptophan?^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Uncertain
SAY Well these amino acids have some unusual jobs.
SAY Tryptothan apparently is a sedative^PAUSE=300^ that can calm us and help us sleep. ^PAUSE=300^ But the effects are very complex. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Wave
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5. Proteins A Proteins are found in foods of plant and animal origin.
Answers
Proteins are found in foods of plant and animal origin.
This pie chart shows where our sources of protein come from in the UK.
7. What are the two most important sources of protein in the UK?
8. Give one example of a cereal food that is a good source of protein.
9. Give two examples of other foods of plant origin that are good sources of protein. *
Reference: British Nutrition Foundation

6. Beans and Toast A
Answers
Although many vegetable foods are good sources of protein, they are said to have a low biological value.
10. What does low biological value mean?
11. Give two examples of foods that are said to have a high biological value.
12. What do we call a meal where a combination of foods with a low biological value are eaten together to provide all the essential amino acids? *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY Do we ^EMPHASIS^have to eat animal products to get the proteins we need? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY Well it is amazing how ^EMPHASIS^much protein is found in foods like bread, ^PAUSE=300^ rice, ^PAUSE=300^ noodles, ^PAUSE=300^ {paster=pasta,} and also in beans, peas and lentils. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Although vegetable proteins are said to be second class ^PAUSE=300^ they can provide ^EMPHASIS^all the essential amino acids we need if cereals are combined with beans, lentils or peas. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY Soya is an exception as it contains ^EMPHASIS^all the amino acids.
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY Eating plant proteins rather than animal proteins does have some other benefits. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Plant foods contain lots of other nutrients and are low in fat!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
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7. Meat Replacements A
Answers
Some people prefer not to eat meat or other proteins from animals.
Novel Proteins have been developed as alternative sources of protein.
13. From what substance of plant origin is Tofu and TVP (textured vegetable protein made?
14. What is myco-protein (a tiny mushroom like plant) made into? *

8. The graph compares Quorn with other protein sources.
Quorn Compared A
Answers
The graph compares Quorn with other protein sources.
15. Look at the graph to help you. What would you say are the main qualities of Quorn? *

9. Carbohydrates A
Answers
There are two types of carbohydrates; sugars and starches.
Sugars are easily released into the bloodstream and give instant energy.
Starches are more complex carbohydrates found in cereals e.g. wheat and rice, pulses (peas, beans and lentils) and vegetables.
16. Complete the missing words from this sentence:
‘Complex carbohydrates are .……. made from more .…… molecules, released at a much …… rate than simple sugars.’ *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY Well carbohydrates are our energy foods! ^PAUSE=1000^
PLAY Think
PLAY Announce2
SAY Fifty percent of our energy needs should come from ^EMPHASIS^these foods. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Breakfast cereals, ^PAUSE=300^ bread, ^PAUSE=300^ rice, ^PAUSE=200^ potatoes and other vegetables are ^EMPHASIS^good sources of carbohydrates. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY CrossArms
SAY Of course, ^PAUSE=300^ cakes, ^PAUSE=200^ biscuits, fizzy drinks and chocolates give us plenty of energy ^EMPHASIS^too. ^EMPHASIS^
PLAY Decline
SAY Mind you, ^PAUSE=300^ it may not be a good idea to make chocolate the ^EMPHASIS^whole fifty percent! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Confused
SAY I remember one Easter when I was young.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY I think I got close to one ^EMPHASIS^hundred percent!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY I was ^EMPHASIS^not^PAUSE=400^ too well.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Greet
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10. Starches and Sugars A
Answers
Eating starchy foods helps keeps blood-sugar levels constant.
17. Why might it be better to keep our blood sugar level constant by eating starchy foods?
18. Give one other reason why we should eat starchy foods rather than sugary foods. *

11. Types of Sugar A There are different types of sugar.
Answers
There are different types of sugar.
One type of sugar is called NME sugars.
19. What do the initials NME mean stand for?
20. Where is intrinsic sugar found?
21. What does the term ‘hidden sugar’ mean? *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY GestureRight
SAY Cutting down on hidden sugars would seem to be quite straightforward. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY The way to cut down on ^EMPHASIS^hidden sugar ^PAUSE=300^ is to eat less {pro sessed=processed} food. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
SAY This is not as easy as it seems^PAUSE=300^ because ^EMPHASIS^even a yoghurt, ^PAUSE=300^ which is seen as a healthy food, ^PAUSE=300^ contains sugar ^PAUSE=300^ and so do breakfast cereals. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY Look for foods with ^EMPHASIS^no added sugar^PAUSE=300^ or failing that, ^PAUSE=300^ try looking at the nutritional information on the label.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Alert
SAY Do you think the nutritional information on labels is clear enough? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Confused
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12. A
Answers
Tooth Decay
Tooth decay or dental caries affects many people especially those who eat foods containing sugar.
22. What causes a tooth to decay?
23. Name two things we should do to reduce tooth decay caused by sugar. *

13. Fat Facts A 24. Fill in the missing words:
Answers
24. Fill in the missing words:
warm / energy / protects / body cells / fatty acids
Fat is a good source of (a.). ….. (although very concentrated).
Fat provides us with vitamins A and D and essential (b.). ……
Fat under the skin helps keep us (c.) …….
Fat around our major organs (d.). ……. them from damage.
Fat is part of the structure of (e.). …….. *

14. Choosing Fats A There are three types of fatty acids.
Answers
There are three types of fatty acids.
They are saturated, mono-unsaturates and polyunsaturates.
Fatty meats, other milk dairy products and eggs are high in saturated fatty acids.
Saturated fatty acids are also ‘hidden’ fats in processed and take-away food, e.g. cakes, meat-pies, chocolate, biscuits, sausages, burgers.
25. What health problem is linked to eating too many foods high in saturated fatty acids?
26. What is the main food source of unsaturated fatty acids (mono-unsaturates and polyunsaturates)? *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY Think
SAY So how can we make ^EMPHASIS^good choices about the fats we consume? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY It is recommended that no more than thirty-five percent of food energy ^PAUSE=300^ should come from fats^PAUSE=300^ and no more than eleven percent from saturated fatty acids. ^PAUSE=800^
PLAY Explain
SAY This equals about seventy-six grams a day of total fat intake for an ^EMPHASIS^average adult woman. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY One way to reduce fat intake is to choose lower fat versions of food, ^PAUSE=300^ particularly dairy products. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Alert
SAY Eating meat low in fat like poultry ^PAUSE=300^ and lean cuts will keep fat intake down. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY We should also use less fat in cooking.^PAUSE=300^ Try grilling or baking rather than frying food. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain3
SAY Using olive oil or sunflower oil that are richer in monosaturates will also help.^PAUSE=1300^
END

15. Cholesterol A
Answers
Eating foods that are high in saturated fat can increase blood cholesterol levels which can contribute to coronary heart disease.
It is essential that fats are included in our diet but eating too much fat can lead to obesity and heart disease.
27. In what part of the body is cholesterol made?
28. What does the body use to make cholesterol? *

16. Suggested Answers
Return
1. Macronutrients are protein, fats and carbohydrates which the body needs in large quantities.
2. Water and fibre (Non-starch polysaccharides or NSP).
3. Keeps us alive, energy, to avoid starvation/malnutrition, growth and repair, fight disease, maintain health, social.
4. A source of energy.
5. Amino acids that our bodies can make.
6. Amino acids that we must obtain from our diet.
7. Meat and cereals.
8. Bread, rice, pasta etc.
9. Peas, beans, lentils, nuts.
10. They lack one or more essential amino acids and so are incomplete.
11. Animal proteins e.g. meat, fish, eggs, dairy produce.
12. A complimentary protein meal.
13. Soya.
14. Quorn.
15. Can be used for many dishes, low in fat, good source of protein, no animal fat. *

17. Suggested Answers continued
Return
Suggested Answers continued
16. Complex carbohydrates are starches made from more complex molecules, released at a much slower rate than simple sugars.
17. Sustained release of energy, less likely to snack-usually on high fat/sugar foods.
18. Contain other nutrients, they fill us up, contain dietary fibre.
19. Non milk extrinsic.
20. In unprocessed food e.g. fruit and vegetables contained in the cell walls.
21. Sugar in processed foods that we are not aware of and has little nutritional value.
22. Bacteria feeds on sugar, producing acid, which then attacks tooth enamel.
23. Eat less sugary foods, reduce exposure time of teeth to sugar, brush and floss to clean and remove sugars
24. (a.) energy, (b.) fatty acids, (c.) warm, (d.) protect, (e.) body cells.
25. Coronary heart disease.
26. Vegetables oils and oily fish.
27. The liver.
28. Fatty acids, especially saturated fatty acids. *